Identificación y control del agente causal de la pudrición húmeda en alcachofa (Cynara scolymus L.) en Chincha Baja
Authors
Requis Quintanilla, Angela Juana
Abstract
De la zona de Chincha baja, se extrajeron muestras del cultivo de alcachofa, dos síntomas algo diferentes; en uno de ellos, se observaba pudrición húmeda a nivel del cuello, en la parte aérea había marchitez y tumbado de la planta, al realizar un corte en el cuello internamente había presencia de pudrición blanda de color verde claro a marrón oscuro; el otro síntoma, se caracterizaba por mostrar a nivel del cogollo una necrosis acuosa en el borde de las hojas tiernas y avanzaba de manera descendente hacia la parte central comprometiendo la formación del capítulo. Cinco aislamientos fueron positivos en la prueba de patogenicidad. Mediante pruebas fenotípicas como: tinción Gram, formación de cavidades en medio Cristal Violeta Pectato, catalasa, oxidación y fermentación y degradación de láminas de papa; se determinó que los aislamientos pertenecen a género Pectobacterium. Con las pruebas de sensibilidad a la erytromicina, crecimiento a 37°C, crecimiento en 5% de NaCl y degradación de sustancias a partir de sacarosa; se buscó determinar la subespecie de los aislamientos, sin embargo esto no se determinó, porque los resultados obtenidos no coincidieron con los resultados de otros autores. Para la prueba de identificación molecular se usó primers específicos para Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum y otro para Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atroseptica, al realizar la PCR con estos primers no hubo resultado, por lo que se usó un juego de primers general de la región 16S ARN, llegando identificar a: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (cuello y cogollo), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum (cogollo), y Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidae (cuello). En la prueba de control in vitro los productos a base de cobre fueron los mejores, y en campo para la pudrición del cuello y cogollo los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con gluconato de cobre, proteinato de cobre, proteinato de calcio (solos o en combinación con el biocontrolador) y Trichoderma (cepa T22)
From the lower Chincha area, samples of the artichoke culture were extracted, two somewhat different symptoms; in one of them, wet rot was observed at neck level, in the aerial part there was wilting and lying down of the plant, when making a cut in the neck internally there was presence of soft rot of light green to dark brown color; the other symptom was characterized by showing at the bud level an aqueous necrosis at the edge of the tender leaves and advanced downward towards the central part compromising the formation of the chapter. Five isolates were positive in the pathogenicity test. Through phenotypic tests such as Gram staining, hole formation in Crystal Violet Pectate medium, catalase, oxidation and fermentation and degradation of potato sheets, it was determined that the isolates belong to the Pectobacterium genus. With tests of sensitivity to erytromycin, growth at 37 ° C, growth in 5% NaCl and degradation of substances from sucrose; it was not possible to determine the subspecies of the isolates, because the results obtained did not coincide with the results of other authors. For the molecular identification test specific primers were used for Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and another for Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atroséptica, when performing the PCR with these primers there was no result, so a set of general primers from the 16S RNA region was used, identifying: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (neck and bud), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum (bud), and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidae (neck). In the in vitro control test, copper-based products were the best, and in the field for neck and bud rot the best results were obtained with copper gluconate, copper proteinate, calcium proteinate (alone or in combination with the biocontroller) and Trichoderma (strain T22)
From the lower Chincha area, samples of the artichoke culture were extracted, two somewhat different symptoms; in one of them, wet rot was observed at neck level, in the aerial part there was wilting and lying down of the plant, when making a cut in the neck internally there was presence of soft rot of light green to dark brown color; the other symptom was characterized by showing at the bud level an aqueous necrosis at the edge of the tender leaves and advanced downward towards the central part compromising the formation of the chapter. Five isolates were positive in the pathogenicity test. Through phenotypic tests such as Gram staining, hole formation in Crystal Violet Pectate medium, catalase, oxidation and fermentation and degradation of potato sheets, it was determined that the isolates belong to the Pectobacterium genus. With tests of sensitivity to erytromycin, growth at 37 ° C, growth in 5% NaCl and degradation of substances from sucrose; it was not possible to determine the subspecies of the isolates, because the results obtained did not coincide with the results of other authors. For the molecular identification test specific primers were used for Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and another for Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atroséptica, when performing the PCR with these primers there was no result, so a set of general primers from the 16S RNA region was used, identifying: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (neck and bud), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum (bud), and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidae (neck). In the in vitro control test, copper-based products were the best, and in the field for neck and bud rot the best results were obtained with copper gluconate, copper proteinate, calcium proteinate (alone or in combination with the biocontroller) and Trichoderma (strain T22)
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Cynara scolymus; Podredumbres; Enfermedades de las plantas; Organismos patógenos; Patogenicidad; Control de enfermedades; Fungicidas; Alcachofa; Pudrición de frutas
Citation
Date
2020
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