La temperatura en el parasitoidismo de Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) sobre Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret) (hemiptera: diaspididae) en condiciones de laboratorio
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Authors
Huamani Chavez, Gissell Marisol
Abstract
Pinnaspis aspidistrae Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) es una plaga polífaga que, al succionar la savia, provoca una decoloración de las hojas y en altas poblaciones puede dañar el fruto del palto ocasionando problemas en la comercialización. Uno de sus controladores es el endoparasitoide Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), una alternativa dentro de los programas integrados de control de P. aspidistrae. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue evaluar el porcentaje de parasitoidismo, porcentaje de emergencia y supervivencia de E. citrina a tres temperaturas constantes y alimentados con y sin miel en el caso de la supervivencia. El porcentaje de emergencia de E. citrina se estudió manteniendo a las hembras adultas dentro de jaulas de plástico y sobre zapallos infestados con P. aspidistrae en cámaras climáticas controladas a 20, 25 y 30 °C, con un 65 - 70 % de HR y un fotoperiodo de 14:8 h; para el porcentaje de emergencia y la supervivencia se usaron las mismas condiciones del primer ensayo, y para este último se le agregó el suministro de miel o ausencia de éste como alimento. El porcentaje de parasitoidismo varió con la temperatura, el mayor porcentaje se dio a 25 °C, seguido por 20 °C y 30 °C, en el cual el porcentaje de parasitoidismo fue cercano a cero. El porcentaje de emergencia de los individuos a 20°C y 25 °C fue significativamente mayor y casi veinte veces más que cuando fueron expuestos a 30 °C; sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas entre las temperaturas de 20 y 25 °C. Los adultos de E. citrina sobrevivieron más días cuando fueron alimentados con miel y a temperatura constante de 20 °C y sobrevivieron menos cuando se les expuso a 30 °C y sin alimento. La supervivencia fue casi el doble en cada temperatura cuando se les suministró miel.
Pinnaspis aspidistrae Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a polyphagous pest that by sucking the sap, causes discoloration of the leaves and in high populations can damage the fruit causing marketing problems. One of its controllers is the endoparasitoid Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an alternative within integrated control programs for P. aspidistrae. The objective of this research was to evaluate the percentage of parasitoidism, percentage of emergence and survival of E. citrina at three constant temperatures and fed with and without honey in the case of survival. The percentage of emergence of E. citrina was studied by keeping adult females inside plastic cages and on pumpkins infested with P. aspidistrae in controlled climatic chambers at 20, 25 and 30 °C, with 65 - 70 % RH and a photoperiod of 14:8 h; for the percentage of emergence and survival the same conditions of the first trial were used, and for the latter, the supply of honey or absence of honey as food was added. The percentage of parasitoidism varied with temperature, with the highest percentage at 25 °C, followed by 20 °C and 30 °C, at which the percentage of parasitoidism was close to zero. The percentage of emergence of individuals at 20 °C and 25 °C was significantly higher and almost twenty times more than when exposed to 30 °C; however, there were no significant differences between the temperatures of 20 and 25 °C. E. citrina adults survived more days when fed honey and at a constant temperature of 20 °C and survived less when exposed to 30 °C and no food. Survival was nearly doubled at each temperature when fed honey.
Pinnaspis aspidistrae Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a polyphagous pest that by sucking the sap, causes discoloration of the leaves and in high populations can damage the fruit causing marketing problems. One of its controllers is the endoparasitoid Encarsia citrina (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an alternative within integrated control programs for P. aspidistrae. The objective of this research was to evaluate the percentage of parasitoidism, percentage of emergence and survival of E. citrina at three constant temperatures and fed with and without honey in the case of survival. The percentage of emergence of E. citrina was studied by keeping adult females inside plastic cages and on pumpkins infested with P. aspidistrae in controlled climatic chambers at 20, 25 and 30 °C, with 65 - 70 % RH and a photoperiod of 14:8 h; for the percentage of emergence and survival the same conditions of the first trial were used, and for the latter, the supply of honey or absence of honey as food was added. The percentage of parasitoidism varied with temperature, with the highest percentage at 25 °C, followed by 20 °C and 30 °C, at which the percentage of parasitoidism was close to zero. The percentage of emergence of individuals at 20 °C and 25 °C was significantly higher and almost twenty times more than when exposed to 30 °C; however, there were no significant differences between the temperatures of 20 and 25 °C. E. citrina adults survived more days when fed honey and at a constant temperature of 20 °C and survived less when exposed to 30 °C and no food. Survival was nearly doubled at each temperature when fed honey.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de Entomología
Keywords
Encarsia citrina
Citation
Date
2024
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