Parasitoidismo de Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en condiciones de laboratorio
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Authors
Acuña Condori, Jesús David
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Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es la plaga clave del maíz que, al masticar y perforar el cogollo, afecta el crecimiento de las plantas y reduce el rendimiento del cultivo. Uno de sus principales controladores es la microavispa Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), una herramienta estratégica dentro del manejo integrado de esta plaga. El objetivo de la investigación fue encontrar la especie de Trichogramma más promisoria para el control de S. frugiperda, evaluando sus parámetros biológicos. En condiciones semicontroladas, se expusieron huevos frescos de S. frugiperda a hembras recién emergidas de 14 núcleos de Trichogramma para estudiar el porcentaje de parasitoidismo, porcentaje de emergencia y ratio sexual. Los cuatro núcleos más destacados fueron evaluados en dos experimentos adicionales: uno para analizar su preferencia entre huevos de Spodoptera frugiperda y Sitotroga cerealella, y otro para determinar la edad óptima de los huevos de S. frugiperda (24, 48 y 72 horas) para el parasitoidismo. Los resultados mostraron que T. nerudai, T. atopovirilia, T. pretiosum (160) y T. marandobai se destacaron por presentar un porcentaje de parasitoidismo superior. Asimismo, exhibieron una preferencia significativamente mayor por S. cerealella, incluso tras dos generaciones sobre S. frugiperda, con la excepción de T. atopovirilia, que mostró una preferencia equilibrada. Además, el porcentaje de parasitoidismo fue mayor en huevos de S. frugiperda de 24 horas de desarrollo, en comparación con los de 48 y 72 horas.
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the key pest of maize, causing damage by chewing and perforating the whorl, which affects plant growth and reduces crop yield. One of its main natural enemies is the egg parasitoid Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), a strategic tool within the integrated management of this pest. The objective of this study was to identify the most promising Trichogramma species for the control of S. frugiperda by evaluating their biological parameters. Under semi-controlled conditions, fresh S. frugiperda eggs were exposed to newly emerged females from 14 Trichogramma strains to assess parasitism rate, emergence rate, and sex ratio. The four most promising strains were further evaluated in two additional experiments: one to analyze their preference between S. frugiperda and Sitotroga cerealella eggs, and another to determine the optimal host egg age (24, 48 and 72 hours) for parasitism. The results indicated that T. nerudai, T. atopovirilia, T. pretiosum (160), and T. marandobai exhibited the highest parasitism rates. Moreover, they showed a significantly higher preference for S. cerealella eggs, even after two generations on S. frugiperda, except for T. atopovirilia, which displayed a balanced preference. Additionally, parasitism rates were highest in S. frugiperda eggs at 24 hours of development compared to those at 48 and 72 hours.
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the key pest of maize, causing damage by chewing and perforating the whorl, which affects plant growth and reduces crop yield. One of its main natural enemies is the egg parasitoid Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), a strategic tool within the integrated management of this pest. The objective of this study was to identify the most promising Trichogramma species for the control of S. frugiperda by evaluating their biological parameters. Under semi-controlled conditions, fresh S. frugiperda eggs were exposed to newly emerged females from 14 Trichogramma strains to assess parasitism rate, emergence rate, and sex ratio. The four most promising strains were further evaluated in two additional experiments: one to analyze their preference between S. frugiperda and Sitotroga cerealella eggs, and another to determine the optimal host egg age (24, 48 and 72 hours) for parasitism. The results indicated that T. nerudai, T. atopovirilia, T. pretiosum (160), and T. marandobai exhibited the highest parasitism rates. Moreover, they showed a significantly higher preference for S. cerealella eggs, even after two generations on S. frugiperda, except for T. atopovirilia, which displayed a balanced preference. Additionally, parasitism rates were highest in S. frugiperda eggs at 24 hours of development compared to those at 48 and 72 hours.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Entomología
Keywords
Trichogramma
Citation
Date
2025
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