Recuperación de los suelos salinos del fundo Hijos de Isaí en el valle Topará - Cañete
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Authors
Córdova Barrenechea, Daniel Arturo
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Abstract
La presente investigación se centró en evaluar la salinidad, sodicidad y permeabilidad de los suelos del fundo Hijos de Isaí, en el valle Topará (Cañete, Perú), con el objetivo de su recuperación. El estudio se desarrolló en tres etapas: campo, laboratorio y gabinete. En campo se realizó el levantamiento topográfico, recolección de muestras y pruebas de infiltración y lavado. En laboratorio se analizaron parámetros químicos como conductividad eléctrica (CE), pH y porcentaje de sodio intercambiable (PSI). En gabinete se procesó información meteorológica y datos geoespaciales (altitud, pendiente, capacidad de uso del suelo, geología, geomorfología, hidrogeología y cobertura vegetal), además de elaborar mapas de isoconductividad a 15 y 30 cm de profundidad. Asimismo, se aplicó un modelo de regresión con el algoritmo Random Forest, utilizando como datos de entrenamiento valores de CE a 15 cm, imágenes Sentinel-2 y datos de textura del suelo de SoilGrids. También se desarrollaron perfiles de salinidad y curvas de infiltración y lavado. Los resultados evidenciaron niveles extremos de salinidad, mientras que la sodicidad fue baja (PSI < 4%), sin riesgo significativo. El modelo predictivo alcanzó un R² de 0,7564 y un RMSE de 44,21 dS m⁻ ¹ entre valores observados y estimados. Las pruebas de infiltración indicaron una permeabilidad de moderadamente rápida a rápida. Por su parte, las pruebas de lavado mostraron que la salinidad puede reducirse de 228 a 10 dS m⁻ ¹ (0–15 cm) aplicando una lámina de agua de 30 cm, tras la rotura superficial de una capa de caliche (10 cm). Se recomienda evaluar el uso de subsolador hasta 40 cm para optimizar el lavado de sales y considerar el cultivo de especies halófitas como alternativa productiva.
The present research focused on evaluating the salinity, sodicity, and permeability of soils at the Hijos de Isaí farm in the Topará Valley (Cañete, Peru), with the aim of their recovery. The research was conducted in three stages: field, laboratory, and office analysis. In the field stage, topographic surveying, sample collection, and infiltration and leaching tests were carried out. In the laboratory stage, chemical parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were analyzed. In the office stage, meteorological data and geospatial information (altitude, slope, land use capability, geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, and vegetation cover) were processed, and isoconductivity maps at 15 and 30 cm depth were generated. Additionally, a regression model using the Random Forest algorithm was applied, with training data including EC values at 15 cm depth, Sentinel-2 imagery, and soil texture data from SoilGrids. Salinity profiles, as well as infiltration and leaching curves, were also developed. The results showed extreme levels of salinity, while sodicity was low (ESP < 4%), indicating no significant risk. The predictive model achieved an R² of 0,7564 and an RMSE of 44,21 dS m⁻ ¹ between observed and estimated values. Infiltration tests indicated moderately rapid to rapid permeability. Leaching tests demonstrated that salinity can be reduced from 228 to 10 dS m⁻ ¹ (0–15 cm) by applying a 30 cm water depth after breaking a superficial caliche layer (10 cm). It is recommended to evaluate the use of a subsoiler up to 40 cm depth to improve salt leaching efficiency and to consider halophytic crops as a productive alternative.
The present research focused on evaluating the salinity, sodicity, and permeability of soils at the Hijos de Isaí farm in the Topará Valley (Cañete, Peru), with the aim of their recovery. The research was conducted in three stages: field, laboratory, and office analysis. In the field stage, topographic surveying, sample collection, and infiltration and leaching tests were carried out. In the laboratory stage, chemical parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were analyzed. In the office stage, meteorological data and geospatial information (altitude, slope, land use capability, geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, and vegetation cover) were processed, and isoconductivity maps at 15 and 30 cm depth were generated. Additionally, a regression model using the Random Forest algorithm was applied, with training data including EC values at 15 cm depth, Sentinel-2 imagery, and soil texture data from SoilGrids. Salinity profiles, as well as infiltration and leaching curves, were also developed. The results showed extreme levels of salinity, while sodicity was low (ESP < 4%), indicating no significant risk. The predictive model achieved an R² of 0,7564 and an RMSE of 44,21 dS m⁻ ¹ between observed and estimated values. Infiltration tests indicated moderately rapid to rapid permeability. Leaching tests demonstrated that salinity can be reduced from 228 to 10 dS m⁻ ¹ (0–15 cm) by applying a 30 cm water depth after breaking a superficial caliche layer (10 cm). It is recommended to evaluate the use of a subsoiler up to 40 cm depth to improve salt leaching efficiency and to consider halophytic crops as a productive alternative.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola.
Departamento Académico de Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Salinidad
Citation
Date
2026
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