Análsis de la diversidad genética del café y su potencial uso en el mejoramiento genético frente a la roya amarilla
Authors
Wither Villavicencio, Javier Alberto
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la diversidad genética y la resistencia asociada a roya amarilla (Hemileia vastatrix), mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares de 54 muestras, correspondiente a 18 variedades del germoplasma de café del Fundo Santa Teresa del Distrito de Villa Rica en la Región de Pasco, Perú. El análisis molecular se realizó en el laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, a partir del ADN genómico extraído de hojas tiernas de los arbustos de café. En el estudio, se emplearon 19 marcadores SSR (Microsatélites o Secuencias Simples Repetidas) de diversidad genética y 5 SSR asociados a la resistencia a H. vastatrix. Los fragmentos amplificados fueron visualizados en geles de poliacrilamida, registrándose en total 100 alelos, de los cuales 97 fueron polimórficos. El dendograma elaborado a un coeficiente de similitud de 0.79 mostró dos grupos, uno que contenía a las variedades de C. arabica y el otro a la variedad Robusta de C. canephora. Al reducirse el coeficiente a 0.56, las variedades de C. arabica se diferenciaron en tres grupos. El AMOVA (Análisis de Varianza Molecular) de la población, mostró que la mayor variación genética de la población estuvo presente entre las variedades y no dentro de ellas; el valor de FST fue 0.67, que sugiere una significativa diferenciación genética entre las variedades. Los marcadores SSR asociados a la resistencia de H. vastatrix amplificaron bandas, mostraron la característica de resistencia, en algunos individuos de la variedad Robusta de C. canephora; así mismo, amplificaron bandas en individuos resistentes e inclusive en susceptibles de C. arabica, lo cual es posible debido a que en el fundo las variedades resistentes y no resistentes, no se encuentran lo suficientemente distanciadas, posibilitando la polinización cruzada. En conclusión, las variedades de café del Fundo Santa Teresa, muestran diversidad genética y se evidencia la existencia de alelos con características de resistencia a la Roya Amarilla en algunos de los individuos del fundo. Los marcadores SSR que se amplificaron en los alelos asociados a la resistencia en individuos de la población, podrían ser usados en la implementación de un programa de mejoramiento genético del café.
The objective of the current work was to analyze the genetic diversity and the resistance related to Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) (Hemileia vastatrix), by using molecular 54 marker samples, corresponding to 18 varieties of coffee germplasm from Santa Teresa farmland at Villa Rica District in the Pasco Region of Peru. The molecular analysis was performed, in the Molecular Biology laboratory at Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, taken from genomic DNA extracted from new leaves from coffee plants. In the study, 19 SSRs markers (Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeat) of genetic diversity and 5 SSRs associated with resistance to H. vastatrix were used. The amplified fragments were visualized in polyacrylamide gels, registering a total of 100 alleles, from which 97 were polymorphic. The dendrogram developed at a similarity coefficient of 0.79, showed one group contained the varieties of C. arabica and the other one the Robusta variety of C. canephora. When the coefficient was reduced to 0.56, C. arabica varieties were differentiated into three groups. The AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) showed high genetic variation among varieties of coffee population. The value of FST was 0.67, which suggested a significant genetic differentiation among the varieties. The SSR markers associated with the resistance to H. vastatrix amplified bands showed that character in some individuals from Robusta variety of C. canephora. Similarly, amplified bands were found in resistant individuals and even in those susceptible to C. arabica. The latter was possible due to the fact that resistant and non-resistant varieties were not planted at enough distance among them, making cross-pollination possible. In conclusion, the coffee varieties from Santa Teresa farmland showed a high genetic diversity and the existence of alleles with some resistance characteristics to CLR in some of individuals of the farm was evident. The SSR markers related to resistance in individuals within populations could be used to implement a coffee breeding program.
The objective of the current work was to analyze the genetic diversity and the resistance related to Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) (Hemileia vastatrix), by using molecular 54 marker samples, corresponding to 18 varieties of coffee germplasm from Santa Teresa farmland at Villa Rica District in the Pasco Region of Peru. The molecular analysis was performed, in the Molecular Biology laboratory at Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, taken from genomic DNA extracted from new leaves from coffee plants. In the study, 19 SSRs markers (Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeat) of genetic diversity and 5 SSRs associated with resistance to H. vastatrix were used. The amplified fragments were visualized in polyacrylamide gels, registering a total of 100 alleles, from which 97 were polymorphic. The dendrogram developed at a similarity coefficient of 0.79, showed one group contained the varieties of C. arabica and the other one the Robusta variety of C. canephora. When the coefficient was reduced to 0.56, C. arabica varieties were differentiated into three groups. The AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) showed high genetic variation among varieties of coffee population. The value of FST was 0.67, which suggested a significant genetic differentiation among the varieties. The SSR markers associated with the resistance to H. vastatrix amplified bands showed that character in some individuals from Robusta variety of C. canephora. Similarly, amplified bands were found in resistant individuals and even in those susceptible to C. arabica. The latter was possible due to the fact that resistant and non-resistant varieties were not planted at enough distance among them, making cross-pollination possible. In conclusion, the coffee varieties from Santa Teresa farmland showed a high genetic diversity and the existence of alleles with some resistance characteristics to CLR in some of individuals of the farm was evident. The SSR markers related to resistance in individuals within populations could be used to implement a coffee breeding program.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Mejoramiento Genético de Plantas
Keywords
Coffea arabica; Biodiversidad; Recursos genéticos; Marcadores genéticos; Fitomejoramiento; Roya; Resistencia genética; Resistencia a la enfermedad; Análisis de datos; Perú; Diversidad genética; Roya amarilla; Fundo Santa Teresa; Villa Rica (dist); Región Pasco
Citation
Date
2019
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