Patrones de percepción ambiental de estudiantes en ecología y ciencias ambientales. Estudios de caso
Authors
Falero Sánchez, Mariza
Abstract
Se han evaluado las características de la percepción ambiental de estudiantes de maestrías de ciencias ambientales, ecología aplicada, educación ambiental, ecoturismo y del programa de especialización en gestión ambiental – PEGA, de la UNALM, la UNASAM y la Universidad Marcelino Champagnat. Mediante una encuesta que incluía el uso de fotografías, se ha indagado sobre los aspectos localizacionales y emocionales de la percepción ambiental espacial de los paisajes naturales. El análisis simultáneo de todos los aspectos de la percepción, mostró que hay dos ejes que la explicarían: el eje Antrópico/Emocional y el eje Natural/Antrópico. Sobre esta base ha sido posible identificar cuatro tipos de grupos perceptuales (GPs): el Emocional/Natural, el Antrópico/Natural, el Emocional/Antrópico y el Antrópico/Antrópico; las diferencias entre estos GPs son estadísticamente significativas. Las variables que explican las diferencias entre GPs son principalmente el grado de naturalidad del departamento de origen y residencia del encuestado y, complementariamente, el grado de artificialidad de su carrera y su preferencia por la maestría de ecología aplicada o por el PEGA. Al mismo tiempo, la información obtenida sugiere que el tipo básico es el Emocional/Natural y que de él se han derivado los otros GPs, cosa que han hecho perdiendo alguna de las características básicas de este GP. Se discuten las consecuencias de estas pérdidas en términos de lo que se espera sea deseable para un gestor ambiental. Finalmente, se ha encontrado que a pesar de las diferencias perceptuales entre GPs, existe una coincidencia entre sus miembros en que los problemas ambientales más importantes son los que conciernen a emisiones, vertimientos y residuos sólidos; esto parece manifestar una diferencia importante entre lo que es el modelo mental expuesto y los modos en que se percibe la naturaleza.
A questionnaire with landscape images was used to study environmental perception of graduate students. Students came from Master of Science programs in environmental sciences, applied ecology, environmental education and ecological tourism in Peruvian universities. Through a survey that includes the use of photographs, we investigated localization and emotional aspects of spatial environmental perception of natural landscapes. Simultaneous analysis of both aspects showed that two axes could explain perception patterns: the Anthropic/Emotional axe and the Natural/Anthropic axe. Based on these axes four perceptual groups (PG) can be defined: Emotional/Natural PG, Anthropic/Natural PG, Emotional/Anthropic PG and Anthropic/Anthropic PG. Statistical differences between groups were significant. The most important variables to explain differences in PG´s include the amount of wilderness in each student birthplace, the amount of artificiality as well as the preference of the career. It seems that the Emotional/Natural PG is the most primitive one, and the other PG´s have been derived from it. Evolution in the PG´s has implied the loss of some of the abilities of the primitive one, that is to say, the ability to identify natural landscape elements and the ability to become emotionally affected by the landscape. Consequences of this loss of abilities are discussed bearing in mind the expected skills for an environmental manager. Despite the differences among students of different PG, all of them have an evident preference to think of problems of gas emissions, polluted water and garbage disposal as the most important environmental problems in Peru. It appears it is a consequence of differences between mental models and the ways in which nature is perceived.
A questionnaire with landscape images was used to study environmental perception of graduate students. Students came from Master of Science programs in environmental sciences, applied ecology, environmental education and ecological tourism in Peruvian universities. Through a survey that includes the use of photographs, we investigated localization and emotional aspects of spatial environmental perception of natural landscapes. Simultaneous analysis of both aspects showed that two axes could explain perception patterns: the Anthropic/Emotional axe and the Natural/Anthropic axe. Based on these axes four perceptual groups (PG) can be defined: Emotional/Natural PG, Anthropic/Natural PG, Emotional/Anthropic PG and Anthropic/Anthropic PG. Statistical differences between groups were significant. The most important variables to explain differences in PG´s include the amount of wilderness in each student birthplace, the amount of artificiality as well as the preference of the career. It seems that the Emotional/Natural PG is the most primitive one, and the other PG´s have been derived from it. Evolution in the PG´s has implied the loss of some of the abilities of the primitive one, that is to say, the ability to identify natural landscape elements and the ability to become emotionally affected by the landscape. Consequences of this loss of abilities are discussed bearing in mind the expected skills for an environmental manager. Despite the differences among students of different PG, all of them have an evident preference to think of problems of gas emissions, polluted water and garbage disposal as the most important environmental problems in Peru. It appears it is a consequence of differences between mental models and the ways in which nature is perceived.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ecología Aplicada
Keywords
Estudiantes; Universidades; Paisaje cultural; Ecosistema; Recursos naturales; Factores ambientales; Sentidos; Factores ecológicos; Medio ambiente; Identificación; Datos estadísticos; Perú; Percepción ambiental; Ciencias ambientales
Citation
Date
2018
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