Comparación del manejo y del crecimiento vegetativo en dos jardines verticales, con diferentes sustratos
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Authors
Gonzales Aguilar, Karina Rocío
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Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar el manejo y el crecimiento vegetativo en jardines verticales utilizando dos tipos de sustratos: turba-perlita y orgánico. El estudio se desarrolló durante 34 semanas en dos jardines verticales instalados en el Centro de Investigación y Extensión en Riego (CIER) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Se evaluaron parámetros físicos de los sustratos, características del agua de riego, desempeño agronómico del cultivo Carpobrotus edulis, acumulación de sedimentos, eficiencia hídrica y requerimientos de mantenimiento. La metodología incluyó un diseño experimental con riego automatizado y recirculante, monitoreo semanal del crecimiento, floración, cobertura, peso fresco, peso seco, materia seca y análisis estadísticos mediante la prueba t de Student. Se aplicaron fertilizaciones foliares, podas de formación y controles fitosanitarios, registrando la eficiencia de cada tratamiento. Los resultados evidenciaron que el sustrato turba-perlita ofreció ventajas significativas: mayor cobertura vegetal (93,3 % frente a 90,6 %), mayor altura promedio de planta (20,5 cm frente a 18,9 cm), mejor desarrollo radicular y foliar, así como una eficiencia hídrica superior (67,6 % frente a 66,5 %). Además, generó menor cantidad de sedimentos (462,64 g frente a 635,37 g) y requirió menor frecuencia de mantenimiento. A pesar de su mayor costo unitario, el sustrato turba-perlita demostró ser más eficiente, estable y sostenible para jardines verticales con recirculación de agua, cumpliendo con las exigencias técnicas de las normativas municipales. Se concluye que el tipo de sustrato influye directamente en la eficiencia del sistema, en el crecimiento de las plantas y en los costos operativos, recomendándose el uso de turba-perlita para proyectos que buscan alto rendimiento, sostenibilidad y bajo mantenimiento.
This research aimed to compare the management and vegetative growth of vertical gardens using two types of substrates: peat-perlite and organic. The study was conducted over 34 weeks in two vertical gardens installed at the Research and Extension Center on Irrigation (CIER) of the National Agrarian University La Molina. Physical parameters of the substrates, irrigation water quality, agronomic performance of Carpobrotus edulis, sediment accumulation, water use efficiency, and maintenance requirements were evaluated. The methodology included an experimental design with automated and recirculating irrigation, weekly monitoring of plant growth, flowering, coverage, fresh and dry weight, dry matter content, and statistical analysis using Student's t-test. Foliar fertilization, pruning, and pest control were applied to evaluate the efficiency of each treatment. The results showed that the peat-perlite substrate offered significant advantages: greater vegetative coverage (93.3% vs 90.6%), higher average plant height (20.5 cm vs 18.9 cm), better root and shoot development, and slightly higher water use efficiency (67.6% vs 66.5%). It also produced less sediment (462.64 g vs 635.37 g) and required less frequent maintenance. Despite its higher unit cost, the peat-perlite substrate proved to be more efficient, stable, and sustainable for vertical garden systems with water recirculation, meeting the technical requirements of municipal regulations. It is concluded that the type of substrate directly influences the system’s efficiency, plant growth, and operational costs. Therefore, the use of peat-perlite is recommended for projects aiming for high performance, sustainability, and low maintenance.
This research aimed to compare the management and vegetative growth of vertical gardens using two types of substrates: peat-perlite and organic. The study was conducted over 34 weeks in two vertical gardens installed at the Research and Extension Center on Irrigation (CIER) of the National Agrarian University La Molina. Physical parameters of the substrates, irrigation water quality, agronomic performance of Carpobrotus edulis, sediment accumulation, water use efficiency, and maintenance requirements were evaluated. The methodology included an experimental design with automated and recirculating irrigation, weekly monitoring of plant growth, flowering, coverage, fresh and dry weight, dry matter content, and statistical analysis using Student's t-test. Foliar fertilization, pruning, and pest control were applied to evaluate the efficiency of each treatment. The results showed that the peat-perlite substrate offered significant advantages: greater vegetative coverage (93.3% vs 90.6%), higher average plant height (20.5 cm vs 18.9 cm), better root and shoot development, and slightly higher water use efficiency (67.6% vs 66.5%). It also produced less sediment (462.64 g vs 635.37 g) and required less frequent maintenance. Despite its higher unit cost, the peat-perlite substrate proved to be more efficient, stable, and sustainable for vertical garden systems with water recirculation, meeting the technical requirements of municipal regulations. It is concluded that the type of substrate directly influences the system’s efficiency, plant growth, and operational costs. Therefore, the use of peat-perlite is recommended for projects aiming for high performance, sustainability, and low maintenance.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola.
Departamento Académico de Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Jardines verticales
Citation
Date
2025
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