Reproducción de Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood en siete variedades de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en invernadero
Authors
Palomo Herrera, Ángel Alfonso
Abstract
Siete variedades de Quinua: Salcedo Inia, Kanccolla, Choclito, Ccoitu Negra, Rosado de Huancayo, Blanca de Hualhuas y Pasankalla fueron sembradas en suelo estéril e inoculadas con dos densidades poblacionales iniciales (Pi) de Meloidogyne incognita (10 y 20 individuos por gramo de suelo), con el objetivo de evaluar la reproducción del nematodo y su efecto en el crecimiento de planta. La primera evaluación a los 30 días de inoculado, mostró pocos y pequeños nódulos, no encontrándose efectos en la altura y peso fresco de planta, pero si un mayor crecimiento del peso radicular al ser estimulado por la presencia del nematodo. En la segunda y tercera evaluación a los 60 y 90 días respectivamente, el peso fresco, peso seco y altura de planta de Quinua, no se relacionan directa ni indirectamente con las densidades poblacionales inoculadas (10 y 20 individuos por gramo de suelo), mientras que el tomate, sembrado como planta susceptible referencial, si se encontró una relación de, a menor peso o altura le corresponde una mayor población inoculada. Se reitera la presencia de nódulos en quinua, obteniéndose grados 3 y 4 según la escala del PIM (Proyecto Internacional de Meloidogyne), y grados 3,4,5 y 6 según la escala grafica de ZECK. El tomate susceptible referencial, muestra niveles de nodulación 5 y 8 para las respectivas escalas. A los 60 y 90 días, la población final (Pf) de Meloidogyne incognita disminuye en quinua, de 10 y 20 individuos por gramo de suelo (Pi) a menos de 5 (Pf). La tasa de reproducción (Pf/Pi) en todas las variedades de quinua es inferior a 0.45, considerándose a un HOSPEDANTE NO EFICIENTE. Finalmente, al no encontrar daño significativo en la biomasa aérea y considerándose un hospedante no eficiente, el comportamiento de todas las variedades de quinua ensayadas será de VARIEDADES RESISTENTES.
Seven quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) varieties: Salcedo Inia, Kanccolla, Choclito, Ccoitu Negra, Rosada de Huancayo, Blanca de Hualhuas and Pasankalla were sown in pots containing sterile substrate composed of river sand and agricultural soil (50/50), and they were inoculated with two initial population densities (Pi) of Meloidogyne incognita (10 and 20 infective juveniles per gram of soil), with the aim to evaluate the reproduction of the nematode and its effect on plant growth. The first evaluation, in day 30 after inoculation, showed in all varieties no effects on height and fresh weight of the plants, a few and small root knots and a higher weight of roots. During the second and third evaluation, in 60 and 90 days after inoculation, respectively, the height, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants were not directly or indirectly related to the population densities, while in susceptible tomato plants, used as reference, there was an indirect relationship: a lower weight or height in quinoa, corresponded to a greater inoculated population. Root knots in quinoa was repeated, obtaining level 3 and 4 according to PIM scale (International Project of Meloidogyne), and levels 3,4,5 and 6 according to ZECK graphic scale. Tomato susceptible plants had levels 5 and 8 of roots knots for each of the scales, respectively. At 60 and 90 days, final p opulation (Pf) of Meloidogyne incognita decreased in quinoa, from 10 and 20 individuals per gram of soil (Pi) to less than 5 (Pf), while reproduction rate (Pf / Pi) was less than 0.45, thus quinoa is a non- efficient host for Meloidogyne incognita. Finally, since no significant damage was found in the aerial biomass of quinoa and considering it to be a non-efficient host, the behavior of all tested quinoa varieties is going to be considered as Resistant Varieties.
Seven quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) varieties: Salcedo Inia, Kanccolla, Choclito, Ccoitu Negra, Rosada de Huancayo, Blanca de Hualhuas and Pasankalla were sown in pots containing sterile substrate composed of river sand and agricultural soil (50/50), and they were inoculated with two initial population densities (Pi) of Meloidogyne incognita (10 and 20 infective juveniles per gram of soil), with the aim to evaluate the reproduction of the nematode and its effect on plant growth. The first evaluation, in day 30 after inoculation, showed in all varieties no effects on height and fresh weight of the plants, a few and small root knots and a higher weight of roots. During the second and third evaluation, in 60 and 90 days after inoculation, respectively, the height, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants were not directly or indirectly related to the population densities, while in susceptible tomato plants, used as reference, there was an indirect relationship: a lower weight or height in quinoa, corresponded to a greater inoculated population. Root knots in quinoa was repeated, obtaining level 3 and 4 according to PIM scale (International Project of Meloidogyne), and levels 3,4,5 and 6 according to ZECK graphic scale. Tomato susceptible plants had levels 5 and 8 of roots knots for each of the scales, respectively. At 60 and 90 days, final p opulation (Pf) of Meloidogyne incognita decreased in quinoa, from 10 and 20 individuals per gram of soil (Pi) to less than 5 (Pf), while reproduction rate (Pf / Pi) was less than 0.45, thus quinoa is a non- efficient host for Meloidogyne incognita. Finally, since no significant damage was found in the aerial biomass of quinoa and considering it to be a non-efficient host, the behavior of all tested quinoa varieties is going to be considered as Resistant Varieties.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Chenopodium quinoa; Variedades; Meloidogyne incognita; Nematodos de las plantas; Plagas de plantas; Repoducción; Costa; Daños a las plantas; Crecimiento; Evaluación; Invernaderos; Perú; Quinua
Citation
Date
2018
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