Identificación de líneas con tolerancia al mildiú en poblaciones mutantes de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
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Authors
Garay Duran, Nancy Hilda
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Abstract
La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) es un cultivo estratégico para zonas altoandinas debido a su tolerancia a condiciones extremas de sequía y heladas; sin embargo, su productividad se ve severamente limitada por el mildiú, enfermedad causada por Peronospora variabilis. En este contexto, se llevó a cabo esta investigación cuyo objetivo es identificar líneas con tolerancia al mildiú en poblaciones mutantes del cultivo de quinua. El estudio se realizó en dos fases: la fase de campo, realizada durante la campaña de 2016, en la cual se evaluaron 288 líneas mutantes de quinua de la generación M4 de la variedad Amarilla Maranganí (116 líneas provenientes del tratamiento con 150 Gy y 172 líneas con 250 Gy), junto con un testigo. Los resultados determinaron una mayor frecuencia de mutación en los caracteres morfoagronómicos para la dosis 150 Gy. Además, la evaluación de la severidad del ataque del mildiú reveló un rango de variación del 33% (MQAM250-253) al 87%. De las evaluaciones realizadas, se clasificaron 116 líneas con la dosis de 150 Gy como "muy susceptibles", mientras que, para las líneas con la dosis de 250 Gy, se clasificaron 6 líneas como "moderadamente susceptibles" y 166 líneas como "muy susceptibles". Se identificaron líneas M4 con mayor rendimiento y una susceptibilidad moderada al mildiú, como MQAM150-46 (3984 kg/ha y 50%), MQAM250-245 (3733 kg/ha y 50%), MQAM250-262 (3538 kg/ha y 47%), MQAM250-269 (3513 kg/ha y 50%), MQAM250 253 (3344 kg/ha y 33%) y MQAM250-263 (3214 kg/ha y 47%). Asimismo, se identificaron líneas M4 muy susceptibles con un buen potencial de rendimiento, posiblemente asociado a un mecanismo de tolerancia al mildiú, como MQAM250-283 (4811 kg/ha y 63%), MQAM150-41 (4553 kg/ha y 67%), MQAM250-231 (4414 kg/ha y 57%), MQAM250-147 (4061 kg/ha y 60%) y MQAM250-224 (3705 kg/ha y 70%). En la fase de laboratorio se analizaron 127 líneas mediante marcadores ISSR, lo que permitió detectar divergencia genética y agruparlas en seis clústeres diferenciados. Los patrones de agrupamiento mostraron correspondencia con la variación fenotípica observada en campo, confirmando la utilidad de los marcadores ISSR para apoyar la selección de líneas tolerantes al mildiú y con buen rendimiento.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a strategic crop for high Andean regions due to its tolerance to extreme drought and frost; however, its productivity is severely limited by downy mildew, a disease caused by Peronospora variabilis. In this context, this research was conducted with the objective of identifying lines with tolerance to downy mildew in mutant populations of quinoa. The study was carried out in two phases: the field phase, conducted during the 2016 growing season, in which 288 mutant M4 lines of the variety Amarilla Maranganí were evaluated (116 lines derived from the 150 Gy treatment and 172 lines from the 250 Gy treatment), along with a control. The results showed a higher frequency of mutation in morpho agronomic traits for the 150 Gy dose. In addition, the assessment of downy mildew severity revealed a variation range from 33% (MQAM250-253) to 87%. From the evaluations performed, 116 lines from the 150 Gy dose were classified as "highly susceptible," whereas among the 250 Gy lines, 6 lines were classified as "moderately susceptible" and 166 lines as "highly susceptible." M4 lines with higher yield and moderate susceptibility to downy mildew were identified, such as MQAM150-46 (3984 kg/ha and 50%), MQAM250-245 (3733 kg/ha and 50%), MQAM250-262 (3538 kg/ha and 47%), MQAM250-269 (3513 kg/ha and 50%), MQAM250-253 (3344 kg/ha and 33%), and MQAM250-263 (3214 kg/ha and 47%). Likewise, highly susceptible M4 lines with good yield potential were identified, possibly associated with a mechanism of tolerance to downy mildew, such as MQAM250-283 (4811 kg/ha and 63%), MQAM150-41 (4553 kg/ha and 67%), MQAM250-231 (4414 kg/ha and 57%), MQAM250-147 (4061 kg/ha and 60%), and MQAM250-224 (3705 kg/ha and 70%). In the laboratory phase, 127 lines were analyzed using ISSR markers, which allowed the detection of genetic divergence and their grouping into six differentiated clusters. The clustering patterns corresponded with the phenotypic variation observed in the field, confirming the usefulness of ISSR markers to support the selection of lines tolerant to downy mildew and with good yield performance.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a strategic crop for high Andean regions due to its tolerance to extreme drought and frost; however, its productivity is severely limited by downy mildew, a disease caused by Peronospora variabilis. In this context, this research was conducted with the objective of identifying lines with tolerance to downy mildew in mutant populations of quinoa. The study was carried out in two phases: the field phase, conducted during the 2016 growing season, in which 288 mutant M4 lines of the variety Amarilla Maranganí were evaluated (116 lines derived from the 150 Gy treatment and 172 lines from the 250 Gy treatment), along with a control. The results showed a higher frequency of mutation in morpho agronomic traits for the 150 Gy dose. In addition, the assessment of downy mildew severity revealed a variation range from 33% (MQAM250-253) to 87%. From the evaluations performed, 116 lines from the 150 Gy dose were classified as "highly susceptible," whereas among the 250 Gy lines, 6 lines were classified as "moderately susceptible" and 166 lines as "highly susceptible." M4 lines with higher yield and moderate susceptibility to downy mildew were identified, such as MQAM150-46 (3984 kg/ha and 50%), MQAM250-245 (3733 kg/ha and 50%), MQAM250-262 (3538 kg/ha and 47%), MQAM250-269 (3513 kg/ha and 50%), MQAM250-253 (3344 kg/ha and 33%), and MQAM250-263 (3214 kg/ha and 47%). Likewise, highly susceptible M4 lines with good yield potential were identified, possibly associated with a mechanism of tolerance to downy mildew, such as MQAM250-283 (4811 kg/ha and 63%), MQAM150-41 (4553 kg/ha and 67%), MQAM250-231 (4414 kg/ha and 57%), MQAM250-147 (4061 kg/ha and 60%), and MQAM250-224 (3705 kg/ha and 70%). In the laboratory phase, 127 lines were analyzed using ISSR markers, which allowed the detection of genetic divergence and their grouping into six differentiated clusters. The clustering patterns corresponded with the phenotypic variation observed in the field, confirming the usefulness of ISSR markers to support the selection of lines tolerant to downy mildew and with good yield performance.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Mejoramiento Genético de Plantas
Keywords
Chenopodium quinoa; Mejoramiento genético; Mildiú; Variación genética; Rendimiento de cultivos; Fitopatología
Citation
Date
2026
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

