Caracterización e inducción de embriogénesis somática de ecotipos representativos de Palma Datilera (Phoenix dactylifera L.) de la Región Ica, Perú.
Authors
Carrión Elguera, Andrea Josefa
Abstract
Los objetivos del presente trabajo de investigación fueron georreferenciar palmas datileras de la Región Ica (83 puntos) y caracterizar morfológicamente los frutos de 25 ecotipos usando 16 descriptores morfológicos tomados de IPGRI et al. (2005).Los ecotipos 2, 8 y 17 destacaron por la buena calidad de fruto, según las exigencias del mercado (Markhand et al., 2010). Posteriormente, se realizaron tres experimentos con tres tratamientos cada uno para la producción de callo embriogénico; en el primero se produjo la Inducción de callo, con los tratamientos I1, I2 e I3; el segundo hubo la Proliferación de callo con P1, P2 y P3 y el tercero, la Formación de callo embriogénico con C1, C2 y C3. En el primer experimento, el tratamiento I2 produjo la mayor cantidad de explante con callos (63%), con un medio compuesto por sales y vitaminas MS (Murashige y Skoog, 1962), 100 mg/L de 2,4-D y 3gr/L carbón activado, en temperatura de 26oC y plena oscuridad. En el segundo experimento, el tratamiento P2 produjo mayor crecimiento de callo (300%), con un medio compuesto por sales y vitaminas MS y 200 mg/L caseína hidrolizada, en temperatura de 26oC y plena oscuridad. En el tercer experimento, el tratamiento C3 produjo un mayor desarrollo de embriones somáticos (76% de callos diferenciados), con un medio compuesto por sales y vitaminas MS y 0.1 mg/L BAP, en condiciones de 26°C y fotoperiodo de 14/10. En conclusión, se propone un protocolo para la producción de callo embriogénico, el cual permitirá obtener material que puede servir para la conservación, intercambio de germoplasma y/o producción masiva de plantas clonadas. También, la investigación permitió identificar ecotipos sobresalientes por la calidad de fruto, los cuales servirían en un programa de mejoramiento genético en esta especie.
The aims of this research work were to georeference the date palms from Ica (83 points) and morphologically characterize the fruits of 25 ecotypes using 16 morphological descriptors of IPGRI et al. (2005). The ecotypes 2, 8 and 17 stood out for the good quality of the fruit, according to the demands of the market (Markhand et al., 2010). Subsequently, three experiments are carried out with three treatments, an embryogenic callus production; in the first, callus induction has occurred, with treatments I1, I2 and I3; the second was the proliferation of calluses with P1, P2 and P3 and the third, the formation of embryogenic calluses with C1, C2 and C3. In the first experiment, the I2 treatment obtained the highest number of explants with callus (63%), with a medium composed of sales and vitamins MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), 100 mg/L of 2,4-D and 3gr/L Activated carbon, at a temperature of 26oC and in the dark. In the second experiment, treatment with P2 produced a greater growth of callus (300%), with a medium composed of sales and vitamins MS and 200 mg / L of hydrolyzed casein, at a temperature of 26°C and in the dark. In the third experiment, treatment with C3 obtained a greater development of somatic embryos (76% of differentiated calluses), with a medium composed of sales and vitamins MS and 0.1 mg/L BAP, under conditions of 26°C and photoperiod of 14/10. In conclusion, a protocol for the production of embryogenic callus is proposed to obtain material that can be used for conservation, exchange of germplasm and / or mass production of cloned plants. In addition, the research will identify outstanding ecotypes for the quality of the fruit, which will serve in a plant breeding program of this species.
The aims of this research work were to georeference the date palms from Ica (83 points) and morphologically characterize the fruits of 25 ecotypes using 16 morphological descriptors of IPGRI et al. (2005). The ecotypes 2, 8 and 17 stood out for the good quality of the fruit, according to the demands of the market (Markhand et al., 2010). Subsequently, three experiments are carried out with three treatments, an embryogenic callus production; in the first, callus induction has occurred, with treatments I1, I2 and I3; the second was the proliferation of calluses with P1, P2 and P3 and the third, the formation of embryogenic calluses with C1, C2 and C3. In the first experiment, the I2 treatment obtained the highest number of explants with callus (63%), with a medium composed of sales and vitamins MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), 100 mg/L of 2,4-D and 3gr/L Activated carbon, at a temperature of 26oC and in the dark. In the second experiment, treatment with P2 produced a greater growth of callus (300%), with a medium composed of sales and vitamins MS and 200 mg / L of hydrolyzed casein, at a temperature of 26°C and in the dark. In the third experiment, treatment with C3 obtained a greater development of somatic embryos (76% of differentiated calluses), with a medium composed of sales and vitamins MS and 0.1 mg/L BAP, under conditions of 26°C and photoperiod of 14/10. In conclusion, a protocol for the production of embryogenic callus is proposed to obtain material that can be used for conservation, exchange of germplasm and / or mass production of cloned plants. In addition, the research will identify outstanding ecotypes for the quality of the fruit, which will serve in a plant breeding program of this species.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Mejoramiento Genético de Plantas
Keywords
Phoenix Dactylifera; Ecotipos; Características agronómicas; Embriogénesis somática; Micropropagación; Cultivo in vitro; Fitomejoramiento; Biotecnología vegetal; Perú; Palma datilera
Citation
Date
2018
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