Bioestimulantes y biofungicidas en el control de la mancha necrótica en Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. distrito de Tarata
Authors
Sulca Quispe, Liduvina
Abstract
En el Perú, se cultiva tuna para producción de cochinilla y fruta para el mercado interno. Sin embargo, su producción es afectada por la mancha necrótica. Los productos con actividad bioestimulante y biofungicida constituyen alternativa para el manejo sostenible de cultivos. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia del Quitosano, Fosfito de potasio, Licthor, Azoxystrobim, Bacillus subtilis y Trichoderma harzianum aplicados vía drench y foliar, en el control de la mancha necrótica en tuna. La caracterización morfológica confirmada por prueba de patogenicidad permitió identificar a Didymella glomerata, Didymella microchlamidospora, Bisifusarium lunatum y Lasiodiplodia theobromae, asociados a la mancha necrótica en cladodios, siendo este el primer reporte de estos patógenos en el cultivo de tuna en Perú. En cada tratamiento, se evaluó incidencia y severidad cada 7 días, en 15 oportunidades después de la primera aplicación (DDA); siendo el fosfito de potasio el que mostró el valor más bajo de incidencia de 29,3 y severidad de 10,6 por ciento a los 105 DDA diferente al testigo, pero sin diferencia del azoxystrobin. También, el fosfito de potasio, quitosano, T. harzianum y B. subtilis, mostraron una mejor respuesta en la reducción de la incidencia al final de la evaluación, con valores de 68,3, 67,4, 65,2, y 64,0 por ciento respectivamente, sin diferencias entre ellos, pero diferentes del azoxystrobin. Tampoco hubo diferencias entre la vía de aplicación. Finalmente se evaluó el ABCPE acumulado siendo el fosfito de potasio y T. harzianum con valores bajos de 1140 y 1203 respectivamente, sin diferencias entre ellos, pero diferente al azoxystrobin (1559) y al testigo, que alcanzó 3590 en el avance de la enfermedad. En conclusión, estos resultados demuestran que el tratamiento con fosfito de potasio y T. harzianum aplicado por vía drench es una alternativa para el manejo sostenible del cultivo de tuna.
In Peru, prickly pear is grown for the production of mealybug and fruit for the domestic market. However, its production is affected by the necrotic spot. Products with biostimulant and biofungicidal activity constitute an alternative for the sustainable management of crops. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of Chitosan, Potassium Phosphite, Licthor, Azoxystrobim, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum applied via drench and foliar, in the control of necrotic spot in prickly pear. The morphological characterization confirmed by pathogenicity test allowed the identification of Didymella glomerata, Didymella microchlamidospora, Bisifusarium lunatum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, associated with the necrotic spot in cladodes, this being the first report of these pathogens in the cultivation of prickly pear in Peru. In each treatment, the incidence and severity were evaluated every 7 days, 15 times after the first application (ADD); potassium phosphite being the one that showed the lowest incidence value of 29.3 and severity of 10.6 percent at 105 ADD different from the control, but without difference from azoxystrobin. Also, potassium phosphite, chitosan, T. harzianum and B. subtilis, showed a better response in reducing the incidence at the end of the evaluation, with values of 68.3, 67.4, 65.2, and 64.0 percent respectively, with no differences between them, but different from azoxystrobin. There were also no differences between the route of application. Finally, the accumulated ABCPE was evaluated, being potassium phosphite and T. harzianum with low values of 1140 and 1203 respectively, without differences between them, but different from azoxystrobin (1559) and the control, which reached 3590 in the progression of the disease. In conclusion, these results show that the treatment with potassium phosphite and T. harzianum applied by the drench route is an alternative for the sustainable management of prickly pear cultivation.
In Peru, prickly pear is grown for the production of mealybug and fruit for the domestic market. However, its production is affected by the necrotic spot. Products with biostimulant and biofungicidal activity constitute an alternative for the sustainable management of crops. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of Chitosan, Potassium Phosphite, Licthor, Azoxystrobim, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum applied via drench and foliar, in the control of necrotic spot in prickly pear. The morphological characterization confirmed by pathogenicity test allowed the identification of Didymella glomerata, Didymella microchlamidospora, Bisifusarium lunatum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, associated with the necrotic spot in cladodes, this being the first report of these pathogens in the cultivation of prickly pear in Peru. In each treatment, the incidence and severity were evaluated every 7 days, 15 times after the first application (ADD); potassium phosphite being the one that showed the lowest incidence value of 29.3 and severity of 10.6 percent at 105 ADD different from the control, but without difference from azoxystrobin. Also, potassium phosphite, chitosan, T. harzianum and B. subtilis, showed a better response in reducing the incidence at the end of the evaluation, with values of 68.3, 67.4, 65.2, and 64.0 percent respectively, with no differences between them, but different from azoxystrobin. There were also no differences between the route of application. Finally, the accumulated ABCPE was evaluated, being potassium phosphite and T. harzianum with low values of 1140 and 1203 respectively, without differences between them, but different from azoxystrobin (1559) and the control, which reached 3590 in the progression of the disease. In conclusion, these results show that the treatment with potassium phosphite and T. harzianum applied by the drench route is an alternative for the sustainable management of prickly pear cultivation.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Opuntia ficus; Sustancias de crecimiento vegetal; Estimulantes de crecimiento vegetal; Aplicación de abonos; Dosis de aplicación; Etapas de desarrollo de la planta; Control del crecimiento; Respuesta de la planta; Rendimiento de cultivos; Ensayos de variedades; Evaluación; Control de plagas; Gestión de lucha integrada; Perú; Bioestimulantes
Citation
Date
2022
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