Efecto del biocarbón en el crecimiento inicial de dos especies forestales en suelos degradados por minería aurífera, Madre de Dios
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Authors
López Valladares, Arminda Inés
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Abstract
La degradación del suelo en bosques tropicales ocasionada por la minería aurífera requiere intervenciones de restauración con especies forestales nativas de alto valor ecológico, económico y de rápido crecimiento. En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto de enmiendas con biocarbón en el crecimiento y sobrevivencia de la Inga edulis (Fabaceae) y Copaifera officinalis (Fabaceae) instaladas en una parcela de 0,5 ha con distanciamiento de 3 m x 3 m siguiendo un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio. Al año de la plantación; establecida en suelos degradados por la minería aurífera en la Amazonía de Madre de Dios en Perú, bajo los tratamientos de biocarbón enriquecido, biocarbón puro y testigo; se evidenció que al año de la instalación la sobrevivencia de Inga edulis para los tratamientos biocarbón enriquecido 86 %, biocarbón puro 80 % y 77 %; testigo (control) y para la Copaifera officinalis 86 % biocarbón enriquecido, 84 % biocarbón puro y 78 % testigo (control); estadísticamente no mostraron diferencias. Asimismo, se registró los mayores valores de crecimiento en altura y diámetro para el tratamiento de biocarbón enriquecido, 122,86 cm y 1,68 cm para I. edulis, 21,97 cm y 0,68 cm para C. officinalis, respectivamente. Además, el análisis de varianza del crecimiento en altura y diámetro de las especies estudiadas resultó significativo (p-valor < 0,001) para los tratamientos aplicados. Por otra parte, en el análisis comparativo de los tratamientos, mediante la prueba de probabilidad T-Student, se encontró que la enmienda con biocarbón enriquecido tiene mayor efecto significativo, en el crecimiento inicial de las especies, respecto al biocarbón puro y el testigo. Finalmente se determinó que la correlación de Pearson del crecimiento en altura y diámetro de las especies, es lineal positiva y altamente significativa (p-valor < 0,001), r = 0,43 para I. edulis y r = 0,61 para C. officinalis.
Soil degradation in tropical forests caused by gold mining requires restoration interventions with native forest species of high ecological, economic and fast-growing value. In the present research, the effect of biochar amendments on the growth and survival of Inga edulis (Fabaceae) and Copaifera officinalis (Fabaceae) installed in a 0,5 ha plot with a distance of 3 m x 3 m was evaluated following an experimental design. Completely random. One year after planting; established in soils degraded by gold mining in the Amazon of Madre de Dios in Peru, under the treatments of enriched biochar, pure biochar and control; It was evident that one year after installation the survival of Inga edulis for the enriched biochar treatments 86 %, pure biochar 80 % and 77 %; control (control) and for Copaifera officinalis 86 % enriched biochar, 84 % pure biochar and 78% control (control); Statistically, no differences are shown. Likewise, the highest growth values in height and diameter were recorded for the enriched biochar treatment, 122,86 cm and 1,68 cm for I. edulis, 21,97 cm and 0,68 cm for C. officinalis, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of variance of the growth in height and diameter of the studied species was significant (p-value < 0,001) for the applied treatments. On the other hand, in the comparative analysis of the treatments, using the T-Student probability test, it was found that the amendment with enriched biochar has a greater significant effect on the initial growth of the species, compared to pure biochar and the control. Finally, Pearson's evaluation of growth in height and diameter of the species is considered to be positive linear and highly significant (p-value < 0,001), r = 0,43 for I. edulis and r = 0,61 for C. officinalis.
Soil degradation in tropical forests caused by gold mining requires restoration interventions with native forest species of high ecological, economic and fast-growing value. In the present research, the effect of biochar amendments on the growth and survival of Inga edulis (Fabaceae) and Copaifera officinalis (Fabaceae) installed in a 0,5 ha plot with a distance of 3 m x 3 m was evaluated following an experimental design. Completely random. One year after planting; established in soils degraded by gold mining in the Amazon of Madre de Dios in Peru, under the treatments of enriched biochar, pure biochar and control; It was evident that one year after installation the survival of Inga edulis for the enriched biochar treatments 86 %, pure biochar 80 % and 77 %; control (control) and for Copaifera officinalis 86 % enriched biochar, 84 % pure biochar and 78% control (control); Statistically, no differences are shown. Likewise, the highest growth values in height and diameter were recorded for the enriched biochar treatment, 122,86 cm and 1,68 cm for I. edulis, 21,97 cm and 0,68 cm for C. officinalis, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of variance of the growth in height and diameter of the studied species was significant (p-value < 0,001) for the applied treatments. On the other hand, in the comparative analysis of the treatments, using the T-Student probability test, it was found that the amendment with enriched biochar has a greater significant effect on the initial growth of the species, compared to pure biochar and the control. Finally, Pearson's evaluation of growth in height and diameter of the species is considered to be positive linear and highly significant (p-value < 0,001), r = 0,43 for I. edulis and r = 0,61 for C. officinalis.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Bosques y Gestión de Recursos Forestales
Keywords
Biocarbón
Citation
Date
2025
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