Promotores de defensa químicos y biológicos contra infecciones por Lasiodiplodia theobromae en vid (Vitis vinifera)
Authors
Soto Heredia, Jose Miguel
Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue evaluar el efecto de seis sustancias químicas (Ácido fosforoso, fosetil-Al, fosfito de potasio, sulfato de cobre pentahidratado, mananos oligosacáridos, acibenzolar-S-methyl) y dos agentes biológicos (Bacillus subtilis y Trichoderma harzianum), en el control de Lasiodiplodia theobromae, utilizados como inductores de defensas en plantas de vid. En laboratorio se evaluó la efectividad en la inhibición del crecimiento de L. theobromae de los productos químicos y de los agentes biológicos mediante la técnica del alimento envenenado. Adicionalmente se evaluó la efectividad de los agentes biológicos mediante la técnica de enfrentamiento dual. La mayor inhibición de L. theobromae se obtuvo con el tratamiento con ácido fosforoso (100 %) en el caso de los productos químicos, y entre los biológicos, el tratamiento con B. subtilis inhibió el 88.7 % el crecimiento de L. theobromae. En vivero se utilizaron plantas de vid ‘Red Globe’ sobre patrón ‘Harmony’, las cuales fueron inoculadas con micelio de L. theobromae, tanto en la variedad como en el patrón. Los tratamientos fueron aplicados en dos estrategias de control, preventiva y curativa. En la estrategia preventiva se realizaron tres aplicaciones foliares de los productos con intervalos de diez días entre aplicación, y cinco días después de la última aplicación se realizó la inoculación de L. theobromae. En la estrategia curativa primero se inoculó el patógeno y cinco días después se empezaron las aplicaciones de los productos, realizándose tres aplicaciones en intervalos de diez días entre aplicaciones. El mejor control de L. theobromae en vivero se obtuvo con los tratamientos: Mananos oligosacáridos y Acibenzolar-S-Methil, tanto en aplicaciones preventivas como en curativas
A research work was done to evaluate the effect of six chemical defense inducers (phosphorous acid, fosetyl-Al, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate pentahydrate, mannan oligosaccharides, acibenzolar-S-methyl) and two biological agents (Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum), in the control of Lasiodiplodia. theobromae in grape vine plants. Effectiveness of growth inhibition by the chemical products and of the biological agents were evaluated in the laboratory by the technique of poisoned food. Additionally, the effectiveness of the biological agents was evaluated through the dual confrontation technique. Among the chemicals, highest inhibition of L. theobromae was obtained with phosphorous acid (100%), and among the biological treatments, B. subtilis inhibited the growth of L. theobromae by 88.7%. At nursery, 'Red Globe' grapevine plants on 'Harmony' rootstock, were inoculated with L. theobromae mycelium, either on scion and rootstock. Treatments were applied following preventive and curative strategies. In the preventive strategy, three foliar applications of the products were made at ten days intervals. Five days after the last application, the inoculation of L. theobromae was performed. In the curative strategy, the pathogen was first inoculated, and five days later the applications of the products were started. Three applications were applied at ten-day intervals. The best control of L. theobromae in the nursery was obtained with the treatments: Mananos oligosaccharides and Acibenzolar-S-Methil, both in preventive and curative strategies
A research work was done to evaluate the effect of six chemical defense inducers (phosphorous acid, fosetyl-Al, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate pentahydrate, mannan oligosaccharides, acibenzolar-S-methyl) and two biological agents (Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum), in the control of Lasiodiplodia. theobromae in grape vine plants. Effectiveness of growth inhibition by the chemical products and of the biological agents were evaluated in the laboratory by the technique of poisoned food. Additionally, the effectiveness of the biological agents was evaluated through the dual confrontation technique. Among the chemicals, highest inhibition of L. theobromae was obtained with phosphorous acid (100%), and among the biological treatments, B. subtilis inhibited the growth of L. theobromae by 88.7%. At nursery, 'Red Globe' grapevine plants on 'Harmony' rootstock, were inoculated with L. theobromae mycelium, either on scion and rootstock. Treatments were applied following preventive and curative strategies. In the preventive strategy, three foliar applications of the products were made at ten days intervals. Five days after the last application, the inoculation of L. theobromae was performed. In the curative strategy, the pathogen was first inoculated, and five days later the applications of the products were started. Three applications were applied at ten-day intervals. The best control of L. theobromae in the nursery was obtained with the treatments: Mananos oligosaccharides and Acibenzolar-S-Methil, both in preventive and curative strategies
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Vitis vinifera; Botryodiploidia theobromae; Inoculación; Enfermedades de las plantas; Control químico; Control biológico; Control de enfermedades; Métodos; Evolución; Perú; Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Citation
Date
2018
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