Uso tradicional (medicinal y biocida) de las especies vegetales silvestres de la cuenca del río Chillón, Canta - Lima
Authors
De La Cruz Silva, Horacio
Abstract
En el presente estudio se determinó la flora silvestre de la Cuenca del río Chillón, así como se recopiló, sistematizó y analizó la información referente al conocimiento etnobotánico medicinal, veterinario y biocida. Además se determinó el status de conservación de 105 especies usadas tradicionalmente, a través de la metodología del Centro de Datos para la Conservación-CDC de la Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina-UNALM y de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-UICN. La investigación consistió: (i) revisión y análisis de las exsicatas de las especies en los herbarios: MOL, USM, UNT, y PRG, para la obtención de información básica; (ii) revisión bibliográfica de las especies en bibliotecas especializadas y “sites” de Internet; (iii) muestreo en las diversas localidades de la Cuenca, donde se colectarón las plantas para su determinación taxónomica; (iv) coordinación con los pobladores locales para recopilar información sobre del uso etnobotánico y (v) análisis de la información existente para la determinación del “status” de conservación. La flora de la Cuenca está constituida por 683 especies vegetales silvestres, comprendidas en 357 géneros y 85 familias botánicas, obteniéndose así el primer registro de especies y géneros de plantas de la zona. Las familias con mayor número de especies son: Asteraceae 122 especies (17.9%), Poaceae 71 especies (10.4%), Solanoceae 48 especies (7%), Fabaceae 40 especies (5.8%), Malvaceae 26 especies (3.8%) y Scrophulariaceae 25 especies (3.6), entre las mas representativas. Las especies usadas tradicionalmente como medicinal corresponden a 87 especies pertenecientes a 62 géneros de 31 familias, siendo las Asteraceae las que registra el mayor número de especies medicinales seguido de las Solanaceae, Lamiaceae y Fabaceae entre otras. También se determinaron la existencia de 25 especies usadas tradicionalmente por los pobladores para curar animales domésticos y como biocidas; donde 18 especies (72%) tienen propiedades biocidas de las cuales 14 son usadas para controlar plagas de cultivos agrícolas y 3 especies son biocidas de mamíferos convirtiendose en un riesgo para el ganado ovino y vacuno. Lo concerniente al status de conservación de 105 especies se encontró que 23 especies usadas tradicionalmente son endémicas para el Perú, de éstas una es endémica para la Cuenca Senecio cantensis. En cuanto a la categorización se determinó que 32 especies (30.5%) estaban bajo amenaza (21 especies en peligro crítico, 4 especies en peligro y 7 especies vulnerables); 41 especies (39.1%) están en condición de casi amenazadas; 32 especies (30.5%) con preocupación menor, ya que son comunes y frecuentes encontrarlas en la cuenca y en otras regiones del Perú
The following research shows the wild flora of the basin of River Chillón that has been determined, as well as the compiled information referring to medicinal, veterinary and biocide knowledge which was systematized and analyzed ethnobotanical. In addition it has been determined the status of conservation of the 105 species used traditionally they were determined under the methodology of the CDC of the Agrarian National University La Molina-UNALM and of the Union the International for the Conservation of Nature UICN. The research consisted: (i) revision and analysis of the exsiccates of the species in the herbaria: MOL, USM, UNT, and PRG, in order to obtain the basic information; (II) bibliographical revision of the species in specialized libraries and “sites” of Internet; (III) sampling in different localities throughout the basin of the River, where there were collected plants for its taxonomic determination; (IV) coordination with the local settlers with the purpose of to compile information on of the ethno botanical use of the plants and (v) analysis of the existent information in order to determine the conservation status. The flora of the basin of the River is constituted by 683 wild vegetal species which are included in 357 sorts and 85 botanical families, obtaining therefore in the first registry of species and sorts of plants of the zone. The families with greater number of species are: Asteraceae 122 species (17,9%), Poaceae 71 species (10,4%), Solanoceae 48 species (7%), Fabaceae 40 species (5,8%), Malvaceae 26 species (3,8%) and Scrophulariaceae 25 species (3.6), among the more representative ones. The species used traditionally as medicinal correspond to 87 species pertaining to 62 generes and 31 families, being the Asteraceae those with a greater number of medicinal species followed by the Solanaceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae among others. It also has determined the existence of 25 species used traditionally by the settlers as medicine inn order to cure their domestic animals and as biocides; where 18 species (72%) have biocides properties of which 14 are used to control agricultural plagues of cultures and 4 species are biocides of mammals becoming a risk for the ovine and bovine cattle. Concerning the conservation status of 105 species it has been find that 23 species used traditionally are endemic to Peru, from these, one is endemic for basin of the River Senecio cantensis. As far as the categorization of 105 species it has been determined that 32 species (30.7) are under threat (21 species are in critical danger, 4 species are in vulnerable danger and 7 species are vulnerable); 41 species (39,5%) are in condition of almost threatened; 32 species (30,5%) are with smaller preoccupation since that, it is commonly and frequently found in the basin of the river and other regions of Peru
The following research shows the wild flora of the basin of River Chillón that has been determined, as well as the compiled information referring to medicinal, veterinary and biocide knowledge which was systematized and analyzed ethnobotanical. In addition it has been determined the status of conservation of the 105 species used traditionally they were determined under the methodology of the CDC of the Agrarian National University La Molina-UNALM and of the Union the International for the Conservation of Nature UICN. The research consisted: (i) revision and analysis of the exsiccates of the species in the herbaria: MOL, USM, UNT, and PRG, in order to obtain the basic information; (II) bibliographical revision of the species in specialized libraries and “sites” of Internet; (III) sampling in different localities throughout the basin of the River, where there were collected plants for its taxonomic determination; (IV) coordination with the local settlers with the purpose of to compile information on of the ethno botanical use of the plants and (v) analysis of the existent information in order to determine the conservation status. The flora of the basin of the River is constituted by 683 wild vegetal species which are included in 357 sorts and 85 botanical families, obtaining therefore in the first registry of species and sorts of plants of the zone. The families with greater number of species are: Asteraceae 122 species (17,9%), Poaceae 71 species (10,4%), Solanoceae 48 species (7%), Fabaceae 40 species (5,8%), Malvaceae 26 species (3,8%) and Scrophulariaceae 25 species (3.6), among the more representative ones. The species used traditionally as medicinal correspond to 87 species pertaining to 62 generes and 31 families, being the Asteraceae those with a greater number of medicinal species followed by the Solanaceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae among others. It also has determined the existence of 25 species used traditionally by the settlers as medicine inn order to cure their domestic animals and as biocides; where 18 species (72%) have biocides properties of which 14 are used to control agricultural plagues of cultures and 4 species are biocides of mammals becoming a risk for the ovine and bovine cattle. Concerning the conservation status of 105 species it has been find that 23 species used traditionally are endemic to Peru, from these, one is endemic for basin of the River Senecio cantensis. As far as the categorization of 105 species it has been determined that 32 species (30.7) are under threat (21 species are in critical danger, 4 species are in vulnerable danger and 7 species are vulnerable); 41 species (39,5%) are in condition of almost threatened; 32 species (30,5%) are with smaller preoccupation since that, it is commonly and frequently found in the basin of the river and other regions of Peru
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería Biológicas
Keywords
Flora; Recursos naturales vegetales; Especies; Taxonomía; Plantas medicinales; Usos; Distribución geográfica; Recursos naturales; Etnobotánica; Anatomía de la planta; Ecosistemas; Perú; Plantas biocidas; Río Chillón; Canta [prov]; Lima [dpto]
Citation
Date
2007
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