Resistencia a la roya amarilla (Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Broome) en el café (Coffea spp) a través de estudios moleculares
Authors
Quispe Apaza, Cinthia Sheila
Abstract
Las técnicas moleculares vienen siendo muy utilizadas en programas de mejoramiento genético del café para la identificación de fuentes de resistencia a la roya amarilla, sin embargo, debe ser considerado el estudio de la estructura y evolución de las poblaciones del hongo, con la finalidad de determinar el tipo de estrategia de mejoramiento genético que debe utilizarse para la generación de nuevas variedades de cafetos resistentes a esta enfermedad. Por lo tanto, en un grupo de genotipos resistentes y susceptibles se han evaluado mediante PCR los marcadores moleculares CARF 005, M 19, M20, Sat244, BA-124-12K-f, Sat225 y Sat229; los cuales han sido reportados por estar relacionados a algún factor de resistencia a la roya amarilla. Además, se realizó estudios moleculares para determinar la diversidad genética de Hemileia vastatrix de las zonas cafetaleras de Quillabamba (Cusco) y Villa Rica (Pasco), mediante secuenciación de las Regiónes espaciadoras internas transcritas (ITS) del ADN ribosomal. Para el análisis poblacional de H. vastatrix se calcularon los índices de diversidad genética y se construyó una red de haplotipos. De los marcadores moleculares analizados en el café, solamente Sat225 amplificó patrones diferentes entre las variedades resistentes y susceptibles. Mediante el análisis poblacional de la roya, se determinó que ambas regiones productoras presentaron valores altos de diversidad genética, sin embargo, la zona de cafetalera de Quillabamba albergó la mayor diversidad de H. vastatrix (Hd = 0.977 +/- 0.012). La red de haplotipos permitió evidenciar las principales diferencias entre las royas, revelando una población grande indiferenciada con presencia de haplotipos ancestros a partir de la cual se fueron generando nuevas variantes del hongo. Asimismo, se determinó que las royas peruanas evaluadas en el presente estudio son muy similares en su secuencia de DNA a las royas colombianas. Debido a la presencia de una baja fuente de resistencia y la alta variabilidad del patógeno se debe considerar la incorporación de resistencia multigénica.
Molecular markers are very useful in breeding programs for resistance sources identification in coffee cultivars to yellow rust improvement, however, the structure and evolution of the the fungus’s populations must be considered to determine the type of breeding strategy that will be used in the generation of new resistant coffee trees varieties to this disease. Therefore, in a group of resistant and susceptible coffee plants has been evaluated by PCR the molecular markers CARF 005, Sat244, BA-124-12K-f, Sat225 and Sat229, which has been reported to be related to some resistance factor to yellow rust. In addition, molecular studies have been performed to determine the genetic diversity of Hemileia vastatrix in coffee growing areas of Quillabamba and Villa Rica by sequencing the internal transcribable regions (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA. Analysis of Hemileia vastatrix populations have been made, using genetic diversity indices and to determine the similarities between the populations, haplotype network has been built. From molecular markers analized, only Sat225 amplified different patterns between resistant and susceptible varieties of coffee plants from Quillabamba (Cusco) and Villa Rica (Pasco). Yellow rust population analysis, it has been determined that the two producing regions showed high levels of genetic diversity, however, the area of Quillabamba hosted the greatest diversity of H. vastatrix (Hd = 0.977 +/- 0.012). Haplotype network Survey revealed major differences between rust, evidencing a large undifferentiated population (Pi = 0.00409 +/- 0.00024 in) with the presence of haplotypes ancestors from which they were generating new variants of the fungus. Also, it is determined that the Peruvian yellow rusts evaluated in this study are very similar to DNA sequences of Colombian rust (Pi = 0.00351 +/- 0.00022), due to the presence of a low resistance source and the high variability of the pathogen, it should consider implementing a breeding program whit incorporating multigene resistance.
Molecular markers are very useful in breeding programs for resistance sources identification in coffee cultivars to yellow rust improvement, however, the structure and evolution of the the fungus’s populations must be considered to determine the type of breeding strategy that will be used in the generation of new resistant coffee trees varieties to this disease. Therefore, in a group of resistant and susceptible coffee plants has been evaluated by PCR the molecular markers CARF 005, Sat244, BA-124-12K-f, Sat225 and Sat229, which has been reported to be related to some resistance factor to yellow rust. In addition, molecular studies have been performed to determine the genetic diversity of Hemileia vastatrix in coffee growing areas of Quillabamba and Villa Rica by sequencing the internal transcribable regions (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA. Analysis of Hemileia vastatrix populations have been made, using genetic diversity indices and to determine the similarities between the populations, haplotype network has been built. From molecular markers analized, only Sat225 amplified different patterns between resistant and susceptible varieties of coffee plants from Quillabamba (Cusco) and Villa Rica (Pasco). Yellow rust population analysis, it has been determined that the two producing regions showed high levels of genetic diversity, however, the area of Quillabamba hosted the greatest diversity of H. vastatrix (Hd = 0.977 +/- 0.012). Haplotype network Survey revealed major differences between rust, evidencing a large undifferentiated population (Pi = 0.00409 +/- 0.00024 in) with the presence of haplotypes ancestors from which they were generating new variants of the fungus. Also, it is determined that the Peruvian yellow rusts evaluated in this study are very similar to DNA sequences of Colombian rust (Pi = 0.00351 +/- 0.00022), due to the presence of a low resistance source and the high variability of the pathogen, it should consider implementing a breeding program whit incorporating multigene resistance.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Mejoramiento Genético de Plantas
Keywords
Coffea arabica; Roya; Marcadores genéticos; Variación genética; Fitomejoramiento; Manejo del cultivo; ADN; Resistencia a la enfermedad; Ensayo biológico; Perú; Roya amarilla; Hemileia vastatrix; Marcadores moleculares
Citation
Date
2019
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess