Fuentes de agua subterránea en zonas áridas de la Cordillera Negra mediante teledetección
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Authors
Condori Ventura, Milagros
Abstract
El propósito del estudio fue identificar áreas potenciales para la prospección de aguas subterráneas en los distritos de Huanchay, La Libertad y Pampas Grande mediante teledetección. Se evaluaron diversas variables, como precipitación, densidad de drenaje, pendiente, litología, uso de suelo, tipo de suelo e índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada, obtenidas de fuentes como ANA, Senamhi, MINAM, Geocatmin, así como de las plataformas Alos Palsar y Sentinel – 2A del año 2021. Se utilizó la matriz de Saaty (Proceso Analítico Jerarquizado) para determinar los pesos de cada variable, validándolos con 8 puntos de exploración geoeléctrica y 14 afloramientos de agua subterránea. Los resultados mostraron que en la jurisdicción del distrito de La Libertad, el 0.456% de la superficie (0.677 km2) fue clasificado como "muy alto", seguido por el 82.655% (123.279 km2) como "alto", y el 16.655% (24.771 km2) como "medio". En Huanchay, el 0.001% de la superficie (0.002 km2) fue "muy alto", seguido por el 23.77% (49.76 km2) como "alto", el 70.97% (148.56 km2) como "medio", el 5.254% (10.99 km2) como "pobre" y el 0.001% (0.01 km2) como "muy pobre". Finalmente, en Pampas Grande, el 6.41% del área (23.31 km2) fue clasificado como "alto", el 67.97% (239.52 km2) como "medio", el 25.41% (89.54 km2) como "pobre" y el 0.03% del área (0.011 km2) como "muy pobre". Estos resultados indican que La Libertad posee las mayores reservas explorables de agua subterránea, seguido por Huanchay y luego Pampas Grande. Se identificaron como variables clave para la categorización la recarga por precipitación, la conductividad hidráulica (geología) y la densidad de drenaje. Tres puntos apropiados para la perforación de pozos de agua subterránea fueron localizados, confirmando los resultados con la exploración geofísica. Además, el inventario de fuentes de agua subterránea se correlacionó con los hallazgos de teledetección.
The aim of the study was to identify potential areas for groundwater prospecting in the districts of Huanchay, La Libertad, and Pampas Grande using remote sensing. Various variables, including precipitation, drainage density, slope, lithology, land use, soil type, and normalized difference vegetation index, were evaluated. These data were sourced from ANA, Senamhi, MINAM, Geocatmin, as well as the Alos Palsar and Sentinel – 2A platforms for the year 2021. The Saaty matrix (Analytic Hierarchy Process) was employed to determine the weights of each variable, validated with 8 geo-electric exploration points and 14 groundwater outcrops. Results indicated that in the jurisdiction of La Libertad district, 0.456% of the surface area (0.677 km2) was classified as "very high", followed by 82.655% (123.279 km2) as "high", and 16.655% (24.771 km2) as "medium". In Huanchay, 0.001% of the surface area (0.002 km2) was "very high", followed by 23.77% (49.76 km2) as "high", 70.97% (148.56 km2) as "medium", 5.254% (10.99 km2) as "poor", and 0.001% (0.01 km2) as "very poor". Lastly, in Pampas Grande, 6.41% of the area (23.31 km2) was classified as "high", 67.97% (239.52 km2) as "medium", 25.41% (89.54 km2) as "poor", and 0.03% of the area (0.011 km2) as "very poor". These findings suggest that La Libertad has the largest exploitable groundwater reserves, followed by Huanchay and then Pampas Grande. Key variables for categorization included precipitation recharge, hydraulic conductivity (geology), and drainage density. Three suitable points for drilling groundwater exploration wells were identified, confirming results with geophysical exploration. Additionally, the groundwater source inventory correlated with remote sensing findings.
The aim of the study was to identify potential areas for groundwater prospecting in the districts of Huanchay, La Libertad, and Pampas Grande using remote sensing. Various variables, including precipitation, drainage density, slope, lithology, land use, soil type, and normalized difference vegetation index, were evaluated. These data were sourced from ANA, Senamhi, MINAM, Geocatmin, as well as the Alos Palsar and Sentinel – 2A platforms for the year 2021. The Saaty matrix (Analytic Hierarchy Process) was employed to determine the weights of each variable, validated with 8 geo-electric exploration points and 14 groundwater outcrops. Results indicated that in the jurisdiction of La Libertad district, 0.456% of the surface area (0.677 km2) was classified as "very high", followed by 82.655% (123.279 km2) as "high", and 16.655% (24.771 km2) as "medium". In Huanchay, 0.001% of the surface area (0.002 km2) was "very high", followed by 23.77% (49.76 km2) as "high", 70.97% (148.56 km2) as "medium", 5.254% (10.99 km2) as "poor", and 0.001% (0.01 km2) as "very poor". Lastly, in Pampas Grande, 6.41% of the area (23.31 km2) was classified as "high", 67.97% (239.52 km2) as "medium", 25.41% (89.54 km2) as "poor", and 0.03% of the area (0.011 km2) as "very poor". These findings suggest that La Libertad has the largest exploitable groundwater reserves, followed by Huanchay and then Pampas Grande. Key variables for categorization included precipitation recharge, hydraulic conductivity (geology), and drainage density. Three suitable points for drilling groundwater exploration wells were identified, confirming results with geophysical exploration. Additionally, the groundwater source inventory correlated with remote sensing findings.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Departamento Académico de Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Potencial de agua subterránea
Citation
Date
2023
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