Mapeo y delimitación digital de sitios ecológicos en pastizales altoandinos de la sierra central del Perú
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Authors
Paredes Chocce, Miguel Enrique
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Abstract
Las tecnologías de información espacial y las aplicaciones móviles se pueden utilizar para delimitar, describir sitios ecológicos y diseñar estrategias para el manejo y conservación de pastizales basadas en el potencial de la tierra. El objetivo de investigación fue identificar y caracterizar sitios ecológicos de pastizales altoandinos basados en el uso de tecnología de información espacial, aplicativos móviles y análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos. El estudio se realizó en áreas de pastoreo de la Comunidad Campesina de Canchayllo, región Junín, Perú. Las unidades de tierra se delimitaron en ArcGIS 10.5 mediante la intersección de mapas temáticos que representan los factores de formación del suelo. La información de paisaje, vegetación y suelo se registró en áreas representativas de las unidades cartográficas mediante 4 transectos orientados a los puntos cardinales utilizando el aplicativo LandPKS y la metodología de relevamiento rápido. Se seleccionó un grupo de 7 variables cualitativas y cuantitativas importantes para agrupar las unidades de tierra. Se realizó un análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos y una prueba de correlación de Mantel con el software Restudio 4.0.5 para evaluar si las unidades son sitios ecológicos o grupos de sitios ecológicos. La intersección de los mapas temáticos resultó en 24 unidades homogéneas de tierra diferentes y la prueba de Mantel resultó en 4 clusters como el número óptimo, con un valor de correlación de 0.50. El análisis de conglomerados permitió reducir 24 unidades cartográficas de tierra a 2 sitios ecológicos con su respectiva descripción de características de suelo, paisaje y vegetación y 3 grupos de sitios. La dominancia de especies dentro de los grupos de sitios estudiados sugiere que soportan comunidades de plantas marcadamente diferentes que podrían ser fases de comunidades de plantas o estados. La metodología de análisis y mapeo de conglomerados jerárquicos utilizada en este estudio demostró ser útil para identificar grupos de sitios.
Spatial information technologies and mobile applications can be used to delimit and describe ecological sites and design strategies for the management and conservation of grasslands based on the potential of the soils. The research objective was to identify and characterize ecological sites of high Andean rangelands based on the use of spatial information technology, mobile applications and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study was carried out in grazing areas of the Campesino Community of Canchayllo, Junín region, Peru. Land units were delimited in ArcGIS 10.5 by overlapping thematic maps representing soil formation factors. The landscape, vegetation and soil information were collected in representative areas of the cartographic units through 4 transects oriented to the cardinal points using the LandPKS application and the rapid survey methodology. A group of 7 important qualitative and quantitative variables was selected to group the land units. A hierarchical cluster analysis and a Mantel correlation test were performed using RStudio 4.0.5 software to assess whether the units are ecological sites or groups of ecological sites. The intersection of the thematic maps resulted in 24 different homogeneous land units and the Mantel test resulted in 4 clusters as the optimal number, with a correlation value of 0.50. The cluster analysis allowed reducing 24 cartographic units to 2 ecological sites with their respective description of soil, landscape and vegetation characteristics and 3 groups of sites. The dominance of species within the groups of sites studied suggests that they support markedly different plant communities that could be phases of plant communities or states. The hierarchical cluster mapping and analysis methodology used in this study proved to be useful for identifying groups of sites.
Spatial information technologies and mobile applications can be used to delimit and describe ecological sites and design strategies for the management and conservation of grasslands based on the potential of the soils. The research objective was to identify and characterize ecological sites of high Andean rangelands based on the use of spatial information technology, mobile applications and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study was carried out in grazing areas of the Campesino Community of Canchayllo, Junín region, Peru. Land units were delimited in ArcGIS 10.5 by overlapping thematic maps representing soil formation factors. The landscape, vegetation and soil information were collected in representative areas of the cartographic units through 4 transects oriented to the cardinal points using the LandPKS application and the rapid survey methodology. A group of 7 important qualitative and quantitative variables was selected to group the land units. A hierarchical cluster analysis and a Mantel correlation test were performed using RStudio 4.0.5 software to assess whether the units are ecological sites or groups of ecological sites. The intersection of the thematic maps resulted in 24 different homogeneous land units and the Mantel test resulted in 4 clusters as the optimal number, with a correlation value of 0.50. The cluster analysis allowed reducing 24 cartographic units to 2 ecological sites with their respective description of soil, landscape and vegetation characteristics and 3 groups of sites. The dominance of species within the groups of sites studied suggests that they support markedly different plant communities that could be phases of plant communities or states. The hierarchical cluster mapping and analysis methodology used in this study proved to be useful for identifying groups of sites.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Producción Animal
Keywords
Pajonales de la Puna
Citation
Date
2025
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