Productividad hídrica sobre el rendimiento de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.), aplicando riego deficitario por goteo, en andenes de Chuquibamba–Arequipa
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Authors
Cordova Tadeo, Joel Feliciano
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Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación evaluó la productividad hídrica del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum) bajo cuatro tratamientos de riego (gravedad y goteo) en andenes de Chuquibamba, Arequipa. El riego deficitario se aplicó desde estolonización hasta tuberización final. Los tratamientos (L0: gravedad 100% ETc; L1: goteo 100% ETc; L2: goteo 75% ETc; L3: goteo 50% ETc) se regaron según láminas asignadas. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA) con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones, distribuidos en tres niveles altitudinales del andén (superior, medio e inferior), totalizando 36 unidades experimentales. El distanciamiento agronómico fue de 0.25 m entre plantas y 0.90 m entre surcos, en un área total de 450 m². La cosecha se realizó seis meses después de la siembra, y se evaluaron: altura de planta, profundidad final de raíz y número de tubérculos. Los datos obtenidos de las variables evaluadas, analizados mediante ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey (p < 0.05), evidenciaron en su mayoría diferencias significativas en las variables agronómicas. El volumen total de agua aplicado fue de 9 371.2 m³/ha para el tratamiento L0, y de 6 650.4, 5 374.8 y 4 189.1 m³/ha para los tratamientos L1, L2 y L3, respectivamente. El mayor rendimiento se obtuvo con el tratamiento L1, seguido de L2. En cuanto a la productividad hídrica, el tratamiento L2 alcanzó el valor más alto, seguido por L1, L3 y L0. Bajo condiciones de riego deficitario, el tratamiento L2 destaca como la mejor alternativa.
This research evaluated the water productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivation under four irrigation treatments (surface and drip) on terraces in Chuquibamba, Arequipa. Deficit irrigation was applied from stolon formation to the end of tuberization. The treatments (L0: surface 100% ETc; L1: drip 100% ETc; L2: drip 75% ETc; L3: drip 50% ETc) were irrigated according to assigned water depths. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was applied with four treatments and three replications, distributed across three altitudinal levels of the terrace (upper, middle, and lower), totaling 36 experimental units. Agronomic spacing was 0.25 m between plants and 0.90 m between rows, over a total area of 450 m². Harvesting took place six months after planting, and the evaluated agronomic variables were: plant height, final root depth, and number of tubers. Data from the evaluated variables were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), showing significant differences in most agronomic variables. The total volume of water applied was 9,371.2 m³/ha for treatment L0, and 6,650.4, 5,374.8, and 4,189.1 m³/ha for treatments L1, L2, and L3, respectively. The highest yield was obtained with treatment L1, followed by L2. In terms of water productivity, treatment L2 reached the highest value, followed by L1, L3, and L0. Under deficit irrigation conditions, treatment L2 stood out as the most efficient and viable alternative.
This research evaluated the water productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivation under four irrigation treatments (surface and drip) on terraces in Chuquibamba, Arequipa. Deficit irrigation was applied from stolon formation to the end of tuberization. The treatments (L0: surface 100% ETc; L1: drip 100% ETc; L2: drip 75% ETc; L3: drip 50% ETc) were irrigated according to assigned water depths. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was applied with four treatments and three replications, distributed across three altitudinal levels of the terrace (upper, middle, and lower), totaling 36 experimental units. Agronomic spacing was 0.25 m between plants and 0.90 m between rows, over a total area of 450 m². Harvesting took place six months after planting, and the evaluated agronomic variables were: plant height, final root depth, and number of tubers. Data from the evaluated variables were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), showing significant differences in most agronomic variables. The total volume of water applied was 9,371.2 m³/ha for treatment L0, and 6,650.4, 5,374.8, and 4,189.1 m³/ha for treatments L1, L2, and L3, respectively. The highest yield was obtained with treatment L1, followed by L2. In terms of water productivity, treatment L2 reached the highest value, followed by L1, L3, and L0. Under deficit irrigation conditions, treatment L2 stood out as the most efficient and viable alternative.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Departamento Académico de Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Riego
Citation
Date
2025
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