Comparación de métodos para la determinación del carbono de la biomasa microbiana en suelos altoandinos del Perú
Authors
Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth
Abstract
Actualmente, ha tomado mayor importancia la utilización de fracciones activas de carbono (C) como indicadores de calidad del suelo, debido a su rápida respuesta al manejo agronómico y estrategias para la conservación de suelos. Entre ellas, el Carbono de Biomasa Microbiana (Cbio) destaca por su dinamismo y corto tiempo de reciclaje, evidenciando los cambios en el sistema. Generalmente, en nuestro país su determinación sigue métodos tradicionales, presentando problemas de confiabilidad, subestimación, larga duración, riesgos para la salud y contaminación ambiental. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la factibilidad del empleo del analizador de C TOC-L Shimadzu, bajo las condiciones de trabajo del LASPAF-UNALM. Para dicho propósito, se determinó el efecto de realizar pretratamientos a las muestras, ajuste de humedad e incubación, y la refrigeración de extractos previo al análisis, una fase crítica del procesamiento. En una siguiente etapa, se compararon dos métodos tradicionales y la utilización del analizador de C en suelos
contrastantes en la zona altoandina de Junín, con diferente Uso Actual de Tierra (UAT): suelos con cultivo de maca, en descanso o barbecho, pasto nativo y pastura. Así también, la relación con otros parámetros: Carbono Total (CT), Carbono Orgánico Total (COT), Nitrógeno Total (NT), tasas C:N y COT:N, y el Stock de Carbono Orgánico (COS Stock).
En el análisis de resultados, se observó que el uso de pretratamientos no afectó significativamente la cuantificación del Cbio; sin embargo, sí la refrigeración de extractos.
No se determinaron correlaciones significativas entre los métodos de determinación del Cbio. En cambio, el Cbio determinado con el analizador de C se mostró correlación con los otros parámetros mencionados anteriormente, demostrando su conveniencia de uso, a lo que se suma la rapidez de determinación, inocuidad para la salud humana y ser ambientalmente amigable.
Recently, active carbon fractions use has become more important as indicators for soilquality; due to its rapid response to agronomic management and strategies for soilconservation. For example, Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) stands out for its dynamismand short recycling time, evidencing changes in the system. commonly, its determination in Peru follows traditional methods, presenting problems of reliability, underestimation, longduration, health risks and environmental pollution. The objective of this investigation wato determine the feasibility of using the TOC-L Shimadzu carbon analyzer, under theworking conditions of LASPAF-UNALM. The effect of pre-treatment of samples is a criticaphase of processing; for this purpose, humidity adjustment, incubation and cooling ofextracts prior to analysis was determined. Two traditional methods were compared with thuse of the carbon analyzer using contrasting soils in the Highlands of Junín, (soils with maccropland, fallow, native grassland and cultivated pasture). As well as other parameters such as: Total Carbon (TC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), C: N ratio, COTN ratio and the Soil Organic Carbon Stock. Results showed that, the use of pre-treatmentsdid not significantly affect the quantification of MBC; however, refrigeration extracts had positive effect. There were no significant differences between MBC determination methods. On the other hand, a significant statistic correlation was found between MBC and thepreviously mentioned parameters, which demonstrates MBC method convenience of useand adds to the speed of determination, safety for human health and being environmentallyfriendly.
Recently, active carbon fractions use has become more important as indicators for soilquality; due to its rapid response to agronomic management and strategies for soilconservation. For example, Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC) stands out for its dynamismand short recycling time, evidencing changes in the system. commonly, its determination in Peru follows traditional methods, presenting problems of reliability, underestimation, longduration, health risks and environmental pollution. The objective of this investigation wato determine the feasibility of using the TOC-L Shimadzu carbon analyzer, under theworking conditions of LASPAF-UNALM. The effect of pre-treatment of samples is a criticaphase of processing; for this purpose, humidity adjustment, incubation and cooling ofextracts prior to analysis was determined. Two traditional methods were compared with thuse of the carbon analyzer using contrasting soils in the Highlands of Junín, (soils with maccropland, fallow, native grassland and cultivated pasture). As well as other parameters such as: Total Carbon (TC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), C: N ratio, COTN ratio and the Soil Organic Carbon Stock. Results showed that, the use of pre-treatmentsdid not significantly affect the quantification of MBC; however, refrigeration extracts had positive effect. There were no significant differences between MBC determination methods. On the other hand, a significant statistic correlation was found between MBC and thepreviously mentioned parameters, which demonstrates MBC method convenience of useand adds to the speed of determination, safety for human health and being environmentallyfriendly.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Suelos
Keywords
Suelos altoandinos; Carbono; Biomasa; Muestreo; Cambio climático; Evaluación; Perú; Captura de carbono; Ayacucho (dpto); Junín (dpto)
Citation
Date
2020
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