Caracterización del sistema ganadero de los cantones Nangaritza y Palanda de la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador
Authors
Chuquirima Ramos, Darwin Mauricio
Abstract
El objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue caracterizar los sistemas de producción ganadero de los cantones Nangaritza y Palanda de la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe-Ecuador. Se entrevistaron y visitaron a 30 y 65 productores de Nangaritza y Palanda, respectivamente, y la validación de la información fue mediante observación de las Unidades de Producción Agropecuaria (UPA). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para resumir la información obtenida. El 63,3 por ciento de la tenencia de la UPA en el cantón Nangaritza es propia con título, siendo el tamaño promedio de la UPA de 71 ha. El 67,8 por ciento de la UPA se utiliza con pastos cultivados, principalmente gramíneas como el Merkeron (Setaria sphacelata) y la Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) con 51,7 y 25,1 por ciento, respectivamente. El otro 27,7 por ciento de la UPA lo ocupan montes y bosques. El promedio del hato bovino es de 43 animales, predominando la raza Charolais y Mestizo, con un 60,5 por ciento de hembras, manejadas al pastoreo rotativo y sogueo, 70 y 30 por ciento respectivamente. El 55,8 por ciento usa monta libre y el 23,5 por ciento la inseminación artificial; y se tiene una producción promedio de leche 7,9 litros/vaca/día. El 83,3 por ciento comercializa sus productos fuera de la UPA; y el 73,3 por ciento de las UPAs utilizan financiamiento, siendo su principal destino la compra de ganado bovino. El 94 por ciento de las UPAs recibe asistencia técnica por parte del MAG y el 50 por ciento pertenecen a un gremio. El 81,5 por ciento de la tenencia de la UPA en el cantón Palanda es propia con título, siendo el tamaño promedio de la UPA de 43,8 ha. El 84,7 por ciento de la UPA se utiliza con pastos cultivados, principalmente gramíneas como el Merkeron (Setaria sphacelata) y la Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) con 80,8 y 15 por ciento, respectivamente. El promedio del hato bovino es de 37 animales, predominando la raza Brahman y Mestizo, con un 19,6 y 26,5, respectivamente. El hato está compuesto de bovinos hembras en 53,4 por ciento. El manejo del ganado es con pastoreo rotativo. El 23 por ciento usa monta libre y el 59,4 por ciento la inseminación artificial; y se tiene una producción promedio de leche 6,7 litros/vaca/día. El 83,1 por ciento comercializa sus productos fuera de la UPA; y el 87,7 por ciento de las UPAs utilizan financiamiento, siendo su principal destino la compra de ganado bovino. El 51,6 por ciento de las UPAs recibe asistencia técnica por parte del MAG y el 50 por ciento pertenecen a un gremio. Se concluye que el sistema de producción ganadero en ambos cantones es extensivo.
The objective of the research work was to characterize livestock production system of two cantons Nangaritza and Palanda, province of Zamora Chinchipe-Ecuador. Thirty and fifthly producers from Nangaritza and Palanda, respectively, were interviewed and visited, and the information was validated through observation of the Agricultural Production Units (UPA). Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the information obtained. 63,3 per cent of the UPA holding in Nangaritza canton is owned with title, with an UPA average size of 71 ha. 67.8 percent of the UPA is used to cultivated pastures, mainly grasses such as Merkeron (Setaria sphacelata) and Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) with 51,7 and 25,1 percent, respectively. The other 27,7 percent of the UPA is occupied by mountains and forests. The average herd of cattle is of 43 animals, predominating the Charolais and Mestizo breeds, with 60,5 percent of females, managed by rotational grazing and sogueo, 70 and 30 percent respectively. 55,8 percent use free mating and 23,5 percent use artificial insemination; with milk production of 7,9 liters / cow / day. 83,3 percent of their products are sold out of the UPA; 73,3 percent of the UPAs use financing aids, being their main destination cattle purchase. 94 percent of the UPAs are technically assisted by the MAG, and 50 percent belong to a farmer union. 63,3 per cent of the UPA holding in Palanda canton is owned with title, with an UPA average size of 43,8 ha. 84,7 percent of the UPA is used to cultivated pastures, mainly grasses such as Merkeron (Setaria sphacelata) and Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) with 80,8 and 15 percent, respectively. The average herd of cattle is of 37 animals, predominating the Brahman and Mestizo breeds, with 19,6 and 26,5, respectively. 53,4 percent of the herd are females. Grazing management is by rotational grazing. 23 percent use free mating and 59,4 percent use artificial insemination; with milk production of 6,7 liters / cow / day. 83,1 percent of their products are sold out of the UPA; 87,7 percent of the UPAs use financing aids, being their main destination cattle purchase. 51,6 percent of the UPAs are technically assisted by the MAG, and 50 percent belong to a farmer union. It is concluded that livestock production systems in both cantons is extensive.
The objective of the research work was to characterize livestock production system of two cantons Nangaritza and Palanda, province of Zamora Chinchipe-Ecuador. Thirty and fifthly producers from Nangaritza and Palanda, respectively, were interviewed and visited, and the information was validated through observation of the Agricultural Production Units (UPA). Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the information obtained. 63,3 per cent of the UPA holding in Nangaritza canton is owned with title, with an UPA average size of 71 ha. 67.8 percent of the UPA is used to cultivated pastures, mainly grasses such as Merkeron (Setaria sphacelata) and Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) with 51,7 and 25,1 percent, respectively. The other 27,7 percent of the UPA is occupied by mountains and forests. The average herd of cattle is of 43 animals, predominating the Charolais and Mestizo breeds, with 60,5 percent of females, managed by rotational grazing and sogueo, 70 and 30 percent respectively. 55,8 percent use free mating and 23,5 percent use artificial insemination; with milk production of 7,9 liters / cow / day. 83,3 percent of their products are sold out of the UPA; 73,3 percent of the UPAs use financing aids, being their main destination cattle purchase. 94 percent of the UPAs are technically assisted by the MAG, and 50 percent belong to a farmer union. 63,3 per cent of the UPA holding in Palanda canton is owned with title, with an UPA average size of 43,8 ha. 84,7 percent of the UPA is used to cultivated pastures, mainly grasses such as Merkeron (Setaria sphacelata) and Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) with 80,8 and 15 percent, respectively. The average herd of cattle is of 37 animals, predominating the Brahman and Mestizo breeds, with 19,6 and 26,5, respectively. 53,4 percent of the herd are females. Grazing management is by rotational grazing. 23 percent use free mating and 59,4 percent use artificial insemination; with milk production of 6,7 liters / cow / day. 83,1 percent of their products are sold out of the UPA; 87,7 percent of the UPAs use financing aids, being their main destination cattle purchase. 51,6 percent of the UPAs are technically assisted by the MAG, and 50 percent belong to a farmer union. It is concluded that livestock production systems in both cantons is extensive.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Animal
Keywords
Ecuador
Citation
Date
2020
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