Caracterización de fincas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en la provincia de Tocache – San Martín
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Authors
Canchanya Molina, Richar
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Abstract
La presente investigación se realizó en el distrito de Tocache, San Martín, y tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las fincas de cacao y analizar la problemática de la presencia de cadmio, un metal pesado que afecta la calidad del grano y la salud. Se aplicaron encuestas a los 32 productores de cacao de diversas localidades del distrito, considerando variables agroecológicas, económicas y sociales. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de las fincas de los agricultores son de pequeña escala, con parcelas menores a 5 hectáreas, utilizan principalmente variedades clonales como CCN-51 y presentan bajos niveles de tecnificación. La fertilización es escasa y muchas fincas están en suelos con características que podrían favorecer la acumulación de cadmio. Asimismo, la mayoría de los productores de cacao desconocen sobre los riesgos del cadmio, tanto para la salud como para el comercio internacional. Se concluye que la presencia de cadmio en los suelos representa una amenaza para la sostenibilidad de la producción cacaotera en Tocache. Se recomienda fortalecer la capacitación técnica, mejorar las prácticas agrícolas y fomentar investigaciones locales que ayuden a mitigar este problema sin afectar la economía de los productores.
This research was conducted in the Tocache district of San Martín and aimed to characterize cacao farms and analyze the problem of cadmium, a heavy metal that affects bean quality and health. Surveys were conducted among cacao producers in various locations in the district, considering agroecological, economic, and social variables. The results show that most farmers' farms are small-scale, with plots of less than 5 hectares, primarily using clonal varieties such as CCN-51, and have low levels of technological development. Fertilization is scarce, and many farms are located on soils with characteristics that could favor cadmium accumulation. Furthermore, most cacao producers are unaware of the risks posed by cadmium, both to health and international trade. It is concluded that the presence of cadmium in soils represents a threat to the sustainability of cacao production in Tocache. It is recommended to strengthen technical training, improve agricultural practices, and promote local research to help mitigate this problem without affecting producers' economies.
This research was conducted in the Tocache district of San Martín and aimed to characterize cacao farms and analyze the problem of cadmium, a heavy metal that affects bean quality and health. Surveys were conducted among cacao producers in various locations in the district, considering agroecological, economic, and social variables. The results show that most farmers' farms are small-scale, with plots of less than 5 hectares, primarily using clonal varieties such as CCN-51, and have low levels of technological development. Fertilization is scarce, and many farms are located on soils with characteristics that could favor cadmium accumulation. Furthermore, most cacao producers are unaware of the risks posed by cadmium, both to health and international trade. It is concluded that the presence of cadmium in soils represents a threat to the sustainability of cacao production in Tocache. It is recommended to strengthen technical training, improve agricultural practices, and promote local research to help mitigate this problem without affecting producers' economies.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Cacao
Citation
Date
2025
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