Sistematización de experiencias sobre el uso de algas marinas en cultivos frutales de la costa peruana
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Authors
Curay Culquicondor, Julio David
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Abstract
Se realizaron los ensayos en fresa, vid, arándano y mandarina para evaluar el efecto de los bioestimulantes de extractos de algas marinas (Sargassum sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, Ecklonia maxima) y compararlos con testigos sin aplicación, entre sí o con auxinas. En el cultivo de fresa, que fue el único ensayo que se comparó con un testigo absoluto, se pudo observar los beneficios de usar extractos de algas marinas, como el incremento de la clorofila, el número de brotes y los grados Brix en raíces (fresa en soca), mejorando la recuperación vegetativa. En los cultivos de vid, arándano y mandarina, que se compararon tratamientos de extractos de algas marinas entre sí, se pudo observar los beneficios de usar las algas de Sargassum, Ecklonia y Ascophyllum, pero al no tener un testigo absoluto no se pudo comparar qué tan beneficioso fue en realidad; solo se observó que el alga que proporciona mejores parámetros (dependiendo la dosis y frecuencia) es el Sargassum sp. frente a las otras algas. Finalmente, en el ensayo de arándano cv. Ventura, donde se realizaron los tratamientos de Sargassum sp. vs auxinas (Root-hor), se observó que el tratamiento con algas produjo más flores y frutos por rama que la aplicación de auxinas, con similar peso de fruta, logrando un mayor rendimiento final. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que los extractos de algas actúan como bioestimulante de acción sostenida, mejorando la fotosíntesis, la brotación, el cuajado y la retención de frutos, y constituyen una alternativa eficaz frente a productos convencionales; además, dejan en evidencia que para realizar mejores comparaciones de resultados es importante contar con un testigo absoluto.
Trials were conducted on strawberry, grapevine, blueberry and mandarin to evaluate the effect of seaweed extract biostimulants (Sargassum sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, Ecklonia maxima) and compare them with untreated controls, between them, or with auxins. In strawberry, which was the only trial where we included an absolute control (no application), we were able to observe the clear benefits of using seaweed extracts, such as increased chlorophyll content, higher shoot number, and higher root Brix degrees (in ratoon strawberry), all of which improved vegetative recovery. In grapevine, blueberry and mandarin, where we only compared seaweed treatments against each other, we could also observe benefits from using Sargassum, Ecklonia and Ascophyllum; however, since we did not have an absolute control in those trials, we could not really determine how beneficial they actually were – we only observed that, depending on dose and frequency, Sargassum sp. gave the best parameters compared to the other seaweeds. Finally, in the blueberry cv. Ventura trial where we compared Sargassum sp. against auxins (Root-hor), we observed that the seaweed treatment produced more flowers and fruits per branch than the auxin application, with similar fruit weight, resulting in a higher final yield. Our results confirm that seaweed extracts act as sustained-action biostimulants, improving photosynthesis, sprouting, fruit set and fruit retention, and represent an effective alternative to conventional products; they also highlight that in order to make stronger comparisons, it is essential to include an absolute control.
Trials were conducted on strawberry, grapevine, blueberry and mandarin to evaluate the effect of seaweed extract biostimulants (Sargassum sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, Ecklonia maxima) and compare them with untreated controls, between them, or with auxins. In strawberry, which was the only trial where we included an absolute control (no application), we were able to observe the clear benefits of using seaweed extracts, such as increased chlorophyll content, higher shoot number, and higher root Brix degrees (in ratoon strawberry), all of which improved vegetative recovery. In grapevine, blueberry and mandarin, where we only compared seaweed treatments against each other, we could also observe benefits from using Sargassum, Ecklonia and Ascophyllum; however, since we did not have an absolute control in those trials, we could not really determine how beneficial they actually were – we only observed that, depending on dose and frequency, Sargassum sp. gave the best parameters compared to the other seaweeds. Finally, in the blueberry cv. Ventura trial where we compared Sargassum sp. against auxins (Root-hor), we observed that the seaweed treatment produced more flowers and fruits per branch than the auxin application, with similar fruit weight, resulting in a higher final yield. Our results confirm that seaweed extracts act as sustained-action biostimulants, improving photosynthesis, sprouting, fruit set and fruit retention, and represent an effective alternative to conventional products; they also highlight that in order to make stronger comparisons, it is essential to include an absolute control.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Horticultura
Keywords
Bioestimulante; Cultivo; Nutrición; Alga; Fertilizante; Frutal
Citation
Date
2026
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