Caracterización morfológica de ajíes del norte del Perú
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Authors
Mendoza Huamán, Victor Humberto
Abstract
Se evaluaron 10 entradas de ajíes de los departamentos de Lambayeque y La Libertad, que crecieron durante la temporada 2008-2009 en el PIPS - Hortalizas de la UNALM - Lima. Los objetivos fueron la identificación taxonómica y caracterización morfológica de las entradas en estudio. Se sembraron líneas con 20 plantas por entrada sin repetición, a un distanciamiento de 1.5 m entre líneas y 0.4 m entre plantas en un campo manejado convencionalmente y bajo riego por gravedad. La identificación taxonómica se hizo con las claves taxonómicas propuestas por Montes (2010) concluyendo que las entradas Escabeche, Escabeche rojo y Cacho de cabra pertenecen a la especie Capsicum baccatum; los ajíes Cerezos redondo y triangular son Capsicum annuum; y los ajíes Bola, Mochero y los Limos (PH 9, PH 351 y PH 353) son de la especie Capsicum chinense. La caracterización morfológica se hizo con el respaldo de los descriptores para Capsicum propuestos por el IPGRI (1995), y se pudo concluir que estos descriptores fueron los más apropiados y de mucha ayuda para realizar este tipo de trabajo. Sin embargo, todavía hay algunos descriptores que son muy subjetivos y se necesita un mayor entrenamiento por parte del evaluador. También se encontró que los descriptores más variables fueron: antocianina del nudo, forma del tallo, altura de planta, forma de la hoja, margen del cáliz, forma del fruto y el arrugamiento transversal del fruto. Los descriptores cuantitativos de fruto explico porque el ají Escabeche presentó mejores valores de uniformidad comparación con las variedades tradicionales en la que el agricultor prefiere sembrarlos como una mezcla varietal, como en el caso del ají Cerezo triangular.
Ten entries of chili peppers from the departments of Lambayeque and La Libertad, grown during the 2008-2009 season at the PIPS - Vegetables of UNALM - Lima, were evaluated. The objectives were the taxonomic identification and morphological characterization of the entries under study. Lines were planted with 20 plants per entry without repetition, at a distance of 1.5 m between lines and 0.4 m between plants in a conventionally managed field under gravity irrigation. Taxonomic identification was made using the taxonomic keys proposed by Montes (2010), concluding that the entries Escabeche, Escabeche rojo and Cacho de cabra belong to the species Capsicum baccatum; the Cherry round pepper and triangular Cherry pepper are Capsicum annuum; and the Bola, Mochero and Limos peppers (PH 9, PH 351 and PH 353) are of the species Capsicum chinense. The morphological characterization was done with the support of the descriptors for Capsicum proposed by IPGRI (1995), and it was concluded that these descriptors were the most appropriate and helpful for this type of work. However, there are still some descriptors that are very subjective and more training is needed on the part of the evaluator. It was also found that the most variable descriptors were: node anthocyanin, stem shape, plant height, leaf shape, calyx margin, fruit shape and fruit transverse wrinkling. The quantitative descriptors of fruit explain why the Escabeche bell pepper presented better uniformity values compared to the traditional varieties in which the farmer prefers to plant them as a varietal mixture, as in the case of the triangular cherry pepper.
Ten entries of chili peppers from the departments of Lambayeque and La Libertad, grown during the 2008-2009 season at the PIPS - Vegetables of UNALM - Lima, were evaluated. The objectives were the taxonomic identification and morphological characterization of the entries under study. Lines were planted with 20 plants per entry without repetition, at a distance of 1.5 m between lines and 0.4 m between plants in a conventionally managed field under gravity irrigation. Taxonomic identification was made using the taxonomic keys proposed by Montes (2010), concluding that the entries Escabeche, Escabeche rojo and Cacho de cabra belong to the species Capsicum baccatum; the Cherry round pepper and triangular Cherry pepper are Capsicum annuum; and the Bola, Mochero and Limos peppers (PH 9, PH 351 and PH 353) are of the species Capsicum chinense. The morphological characterization was done with the support of the descriptors for Capsicum proposed by IPGRI (1995), and it was concluded that these descriptors were the most appropriate and helpful for this type of work. However, there are still some descriptors that are very subjective and more training is needed on the part of the evaluator. It was also found that the most variable descriptors were: node anthocyanin, stem shape, plant height, leaf shape, calyx margin, fruit shape and fruit transverse wrinkling. The quantitative descriptors of fruit explain why the Escabeche bell pepper presented better uniformity values compared to the traditional varieties in which the farmer prefers to plant them as a varietal mixture, as in the case of the triangular cherry pepper.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Horticultura
Keywords
Capsicum
Citation
Date
2024
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