Obtención de emulsiones oil-in-water (o/w) del aceite esencial de muña e incorporación en películas biodegradables elaboradas con almidón de tunta
Loading...
Código QR
Authors
Flores Bao, José Antonio
Contact Email
Abstract
La conservación de la biodiversidad se constituye como un bien público por lo que el diseño de políticas ambientales eficientes requiere, además de la estimación de beneficios sociales, constatar que este resultado cumpla con la sensibilidad al alcance como condición necesaria, en términos metodológicos, para su validez. Esto es, que la disposición a pagar sea monótonamente creciente con el tamaño del bien. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar este efecto en la valoración económica de la conservación de biodiversidad en el Parque Nacional del Manu, Perú, en función de los siguientes atributos: número de especies de flora y fauna en peligro de extinción, funcionalidad de los ecosistemas, tamaño de deforestación y contribución mensual del hogar. Se emplearon los modelos logit condicional y logit mixto para la estimación de las disposiciones a pagar marginales para cada atributo en función de 2240 experimentos de elección aplicados a los jefes de hogar en varios distritos de Lima Metropolitana, excluyendo la Provincia Constitucional del Callao, a partir de encuestas presenciales. El efecto de la sensibilidad al alcance no se produjo para ninguno de los atributos evaluados, lo que sugiere que al menos una fracción importante de la población urbana del Perú no diferencia entre distintos niveles de conservación de biodiversidad. Una posible explicación es que el Perú es un país megadiverso por lo que el valor de no uso per se podría constituirse como un input fundamental en el diseño de políticas de conservación involucrando costos asequibles de conservación para relativamente pocas especies de flora y fauna; y extensión de bosques en áreas naturales protegidas.
This study optimized the process of obtaining nanoemulsions of Minthostachys mollis (muña) essential oil using Tween® 80 and sapote gum as emulsifiers, with the purpose of incorporating them into biodegradable films to evaluate their potential as packaging material. The methodology involved emulsification of the essential oil in water through high-speed homogenization and ultrasound, optimizing key parameters using an I-optimal response surface design. Properties such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS⚫+ and DPPH⚫) were evaluated. In the second phase, the optimized emulsions were combined with tunta starch and chitosan to produce biodegradable films by the casting method, assessing the impact of different essential oil concentrations (0%, 5%, and 10%) on their properties. Results indicated that nanoemulsions with Tween® 80 achieved a smaller droplet size (48.6 nm) compared to those with sapote gum (367.9 nm), although the latter exhibited higher zeta potential (-29.1 mV vs. -15.0 mV), conferring greater colloidal stability. Formulations with sapote gum were distinguished by their higher biodegradability, completely disintegrating within 3 days due to the polysaccharide nature of the emulsifier that promotes enzymatic degradation. Films prepared with Tween® 80 showed slower degradation but greater antioxidant capacity, reaching 95.6% DPPH⚫ inhibition compared to 83.8% for sapote gum, a difference attributed to the smaller droplet size that enhances the availability of bioactive compounds. The incorporation of nanoemulsions influenced the films’ properties. Both formulations exhibited decreased gloss due to light scattering and reduced tensile strength, with Tween® 80 films showing higher mechanical resistance. Both formulations increased elongation at break as a result of the plasticizing effect of the essential oil, providing greater flexibility. In conclusion, films with sapote gum demonstrated advantages in biodegradability, whereas those with Tween® 80 excelled in antioxidant capacity and mechanical strength. The type of emulsifier was decisive in determining the final properties, while moderate concentrations (5% AEN) offered the best balance between antioxidant capacity and mechanical performance for food packaging applications.
This study optimized the process of obtaining nanoemulsions of Minthostachys mollis (muña) essential oil using Tween® 80 and sapote gum as emulsifiers, with the purpose of incorporating them into biodegradable films to evaluate their potential as packaging material. The methodology involved emulsification of the essential oil in water through high-speed homogenization and ultrasound, optimizing key parameters using an I-optimal response surface design. Properties such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS⚫+ and DPPH⚫) were evaluated. In the second phase, the optimized emulsions were combined with tunta starch and chitosan to produce biodegradable films by the casting method, assessing the impact of different essential oil concentrations (0%, 5%, and 10%) on their properties. Results indicated that nanoemulsions with Tween® 80 achieved a smaller droplet size (48.6 nm) compared to those with sapote gum (367.9 nm), although the latter exhibited higher zeta potential (-29.1 mV vs. -15.0 mV), conferring greater colloidal stability. Formulations with sapote gum were distinguished by their higher biodegradability, completely disintegrating within 3 days due to the polysaccharide nature of the emulsifier that promotes enzymatic degradation. Films prepared with Tween® 80 showed slower degradation but greater antioxidant capacity, reaching 95.6% DPPH⚫ inhibition compared to 83.8% for sapote gum, a difference attributed to the smaller droplet size that enhances the availability of bioactive compounds. The incorporation of nanoemulsions influenced the films’ properties. Both formulations exhibited decreased gloss due to light scattering and reduced tensile strength, with Tween® 80 films showing higher mechanical resistance. Both formulations increased elongation at break as a result of the plasticizing effect of the essential oil, providing greater flexibility. In conclusion, films with sapote gum demonstrated advantages in biodegradability, whereas those with Tween® 80 excelled in antioxidant capacity and mechanical strength. The type of emulsifier was decisive in determining the final properties, while moderate concentrations (5% AEN) offered the best balance between antioxidant capacity and mechanical performance for food packaging applications.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en
Ciencia de Alimentos
Keywords
Emulsión; Aceite; Almidón; Biodegradabilidad; Conservación; Elaboración
Citation
Date
2026
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso

Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

