Análisis del efecto de la exclusión de ganado sobre la vegetación y características del suelo en Pajonales, Tupicocha, Huarochirí, Lima
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Authors
Manrique Vargas, Susan Angélica María
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Abstract
Se realizó un estudio comparativo para evaluar los efectos de la exclusión del pastoreo de ganado vacuno en pajonales de la Puna Húmeda del distrito de San Andrés de Tupicocha, Huarochirí, Lima. El objetivo fue analizar cómo la exclusión del ganado afecta la vegetación y las características del suelo, con énfasis en la provisión del servicio ecosistémico de regulación hídrica. Se utilizaron parcelas pareadas para comparar áreas con y sin pastoreo, evaluando variables ecológicas, como composición florística, cobertura vegetal, diversidad, riqueza y biovolumen, además de parámetros edáficos, como materia orgánica, densidad aparente y propiedades hidro-físicas del suelo obtenidas a partir de la curva de retención de humedad. Los resultados mostraron que la exclusión del ganado no generó diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las características vegetales, salvo por un incremento en la abundancia relativa de las hierbas Hypochaeris meyeniana y Galium canescens, y una reducción del arbusto Baccharis tricuneata. Las hierbas mostraron mayor cobertura y biovolumen en el estrato 0, mientras que el biovolumen de gramíneas y graminoides aumentó en el estrato 10–20. La diversidad total, sin embargo, disminuyó. Estos resultados sugieren que la exclusión favoreció el crecimiento de especies deseables para el ganado. En cuanto al suelo, no se observaron cambios significativos en los valores de materia orgánica, densidad aparente ni agua disponible, lo que indica que la exclusión no impactó de forma relevante las propiedades relacionadas con la regulación hídrica. Se concluye que, en el sitio estudiado, la exclusión del ganado tuvo un impacto limitado sobre el suelo, pero generó cambios en la vegetación potencialmente beneficiosos para la producción ganadera. La heterogeneidad espacial y el historial de uso del sitio podrían explicar la falta de respuesta edáfica. La respuesta de los grupos funcionales destaca la necesidad de análisis diferenciados por grupo funcional en estudios similares.
A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cattle grazing exclusion on grasslands in the Humid Puna of the San Andrés de Tupicocha district, Huarochirí province, Lima. The objective was to analyze how livestock exclusion affects vegetation and soil characteristics, with an emphasis on the provision of the ecosystem service of water regulation. Paired plots were used to compare grazed and ungrazed areas, assessing ecological variables such as floristic composition, vegetation cover, diversity, richness, and biomass volume, along with soil parameters including organic matter, bulk density, and hydro-physical properties derived from the soil moisture retention curve. The results showed that livestock exclusion did not lead to significant changes in most vegetation characteristics, except for an increase in the relative abundance of the herbs Hypochaeris meyeniana and Galium canescens, and a decrease in the shrub Baccharis tricuneata. Herbs showed higher cover and biomass volume in the 0 cm stratum, while the biomass volume of grasses and grass-like plants increased in the 10–20 cm stratum. However, total plant diversity decreased. These findings suggest that exclusion favored the growth of species desirable for livestock. Regarding soil, no significant changes were observed in organic matter content, bulk density, or available water, indicating that grazing exclusion did not substantially affect soil properties related to water regulation. It is concluded that, at the studied site, livestock exclusion had a limited impact on soil characteristics but led to vegetation changes that could benefit livestock production. The spatial heterogeneity and land-use history of the site may explain the lack of edaphic response. The differential responses of functional groups highlight the need for group-specific analyses in similar studies of Puna grasslands, particularly those dominated by grasses and shrubs.
A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cattle grazing exclusion on grasslands in the Humid Puna of the San Andrés de Tupicocha district, Huarochirí province, Lima. The objective was to analyze how livestock exclusion affects vegetation and soil characteristics, with an emphasis on the provision of the ecosystem service of water regulation. Paired plots were used to compare grazed and ungrazed areas, assessing ecological variables such as floristic composition, vegetation cover, diversity, richness, and biomass volume, along with soil parameters including organic matter, bulk density, and hydro-physical properties derived from the soil moisture retention curve. The results showed that livestock exclusion did not lead to significant changes in most vegetation characteristics, except for an increase in the relative abundance of the herbs Hypochaeris meyeniana and Galium canescens, and a decrease in the shrub Baccharis tricuneata. Herbs showed higher cover and biomass volume in the 0 cm stratum, while the biomass volume of grasses and grass-like plants increased in the 10–20 cm stratum. However, total plant diversity decreased. These findings suggest that exclusion favored the growth of species desirable for livestock. Regarding soil, no significant changes were observed in organic matter content, bulk density, or available water, indicating that grazing exclusion did not substantially affect soil properties related to water regulation. It is concluded that, at the studied site, livestock exclusion had a limited impact on soil characteristics but led to vegetation changes that could benefit livestock production. The spatial heterogeneity and land-use history of the site may explain the lack of edaphic response. The differential responses of functional groups highlight the need for group-specific analyses in similar studies of Puna grasslands, particularly those dominated by grasses and shrubs.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Keywords
Exclusión
Citation
Date
2026
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