Evaluación técnica económica de un proyecto a nivel prefactibilidad de siembra de cultivos orgánicos con riego tecnificado en Arequipa
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Authors
Contreras Blas, Piero Joaquín
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Abstract
Los proyectos agrícolas, principalmente de exportación, se han constituido como una
atractiva propuesta de inversión, en el Perú, desde aproximadamente 30 años debido a la
amplia cantidad de mercados; por tal motivo, se realizó esta investigación. El objetivo
principal fue evaluar técnica y económicamente un proyecto de siembra de cultivos
orgánicos, con riego tecnificado en Arequipa. Los objetivos específicos consistieron en
analizar la información técnica de la ingeniería del proyecto y del mercado agrícola, como
insumo para estimar los montos de inversión, ingresos y costos del proyecto. Además, se
evalúo los indicadores de rentabilidad del proyecto, así como el análisis de sensibilidad y
riesgos para determinar si el proyecto es viable o no. Entonces para alcanzar los objetivos
primero se recolecto y evaluó la información técnica como la ingeniería del proyecto, el
requerimiento de agua de los cultivos, caudal de pozo, la elección del método de riego
localizado, estudio de mercado, los ingresos y egresos de dinero. Segundo, se elaboró el
flujo de caja para evaluar los indicadores de rentabilidad, el análisis de sensibilidad y riesgos
mediante el método de Montecarlo. Finalmente, concluimos que el proyecto no es viable
debido a que técnicamente el proyecto presenta riesgos como la falta de agua en la zona del
proyecto, la calidad del suelo para ciertos cultivos tolerantes, la calidad de agua e
inexistencia de electricidad en la zona, así como los altos costos de inversión (USD
2,519,900) debido a la poca oferta de agua que conduce a implementar pozos (USD
537,700). Se obtuvo un VAN que asciende a USD -2,729,717 y un TIR que alcanza el 8%,
que es menor al costo de oportunidad (20%). El análisis de riesgos indica que con un 10 %
de aumento del precio de ventas tanto el VAN como el TIR se mantienen negativos.
Mediante el análisis de riesgo de Montecarlo el VAN sería de USD -2,000,000 con un 10%
de certeza.
Agricultural projects, mainly for export, have been an attractive investment proposal in Peru for approximately 30 years due to the large number of markets; therefore, this research was carried out. The main objective was to technically and economically evaluate an organic crop planting project with technified irrigation in Arequipa. The specific objectives consisted of analyzing the technical information of the project engineering and the agricultural market, as input to estimate the investment amounts, income and costs of the project. In addition, the project's profitability indicators were evaluated, as well as the sensitivity and risk analysis to determine whether the project is viable or not. In order to achieve the objectives, technical information such as project engineering, crop water requirements, well flow, choice of localized irrigation method, market study, income and cash outflow were collected and evaluated. Second, the cash flow was elaborated to evaluate the profitability indicators, the sensitivity and risk analysis using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, we concluded that the project is not viable because technically the project presents risks such as lack of water in the project area, soil quality for certain tolerant crops, water quality and lack of electricity in the area, as well as high investment costs (USD 2,519,900) due to the low water supply leading to the implementation of wells (USD 537,700). An NPV of USD -2,729,717 and an IRR of 8% were obtained, which is lower than the opportunity cost (20%). The risk analysis indicates that with a 10% increase in the sales price both NPV and IRR remain negative. By means of the Monte Carlo risk analysis the NPV would be USD -2,000,000 with 10% certainty.
Agricultural projects, mainly for export, have been an attractive investment proposal in Peru for approximately 30 years due to the large number of markets; therefore, this research was carried out. The main objective was to technically and economically evaluate an organic crop planting project with technified irrigation in Arequipa. The specific objectives consisted of analyzing the technical information of the project engineering and the agricultural market, as input to estimate the investment amounts, income and costs of the project. In addition, the project's profitability indicators were evaluated, as well as the sensitivity and risk analysis to determine whether the project is viable or not. In order to achieve the objectives, technical information such as project engineering, crop water requirements, well flow, choice of localized irrigation method, market study, income and cash outflow were collected and evaluated. Second, the cash flow was elaborated to evaluate the profitability indicators, the sensitivity and risk analysis using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, we concluded that the project is not viable because technically the project presents risks such as lack of water in the project area, soil quality for certain tolerant crops, water quality and lack of electricity in the area, as well as high investment costs (USD 2,519,900) due to the low water supply leading to the implementation of wells (USD 537,700). An NPV of USD -2,729,717 and an IRR of 8% were obtained, which is lower than the opportunity cost (20%). The risk analysis indicates that with a 10% increase in the sales price both NPV and IRR remain negative. By means of the Monte Carlo risk analysis the NPV would be USD -2,000,000 with 10% certainty.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Departamento Académico de Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Cultivos alimentícios; Siembra; Riego; Sistemas de riego; Proyectos de investigación; Evaluación de la tecnología; Economía agraria; Agricultura orgánica
Citation
Date
2023
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