Estrategias de mejoramiento genético de las líneas de cuyes de ivita en el valle El Mantaro
Loading...
Código QR
Authors
Cedano Castro, José Isaí
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar fenotípica y genéticamente las líneas de cuyes de IVITA – El Mantaro (Precoz, Cárnica, Lechera y Prolífica), sus cruces simples, y conocer la aceptación que tiene el cuy RG por parte de los productores. Para lograr dicho objetivo se estimó las heredabilidades y correlaciones genéticas con el modelo animal usando un análisis multivariado con REML. Para cada línea genética se determinó el número efectivo de fundadores y de ancestros, el coeficiente de consanguinidad y el tamaño efectivo de cada población. También se calculó la heterosis individual para los caracteres peso al nacimiento, peso a los 10 días, peso al destete y peso a los 60 días para los cruces paternos y maternos, a través de la diferencia entre el promedio del desempeño de los animales cruzados y los animales puros. Además, se realizaron encuestas a 17 criadores de las provincias de Concepción, 12 de Jauja y 5 de Huancayo para determinar la percepción y la aceptación que han tenido los cuyes RG de IVITA – El Mantaro. Las heredabilidades para el peso al nacimiento fueron 0.21±0.02 y 0.23±0.03 en las líneas Precoz y Cárnica, respectivamente, y para el peso al destete fue 0.28±0.03 para la línea Cárnica. La estima para el peso a los 60 días fueron 0.34±0.01 y 0.47±0.04 para las líneas Precoz y Cárnica, respectivamente, y para la conversión alimenticia parcial fue 0.46±0.03 para la línea Cárnica. Las heredabilidades para el peso de la camada al nacimiento fueron 0.09±0.03 y 0.10±0.03 para la línea Precoz y Lechera, respectivamente. Además, la heredabilidad para el peso de la camada a los 10 días fue de 0.15±0.03 para la línea Lechera. Las heredabilidades para el tamaño de camada fueron 0.17±0.03, 0.20±0.03 y 0.11±0.03, y para el número de nacidos vivos fueron 0.09±0.03, 0.14±0.03 y 0.09±0.03 para las líneas Precoz, Lechera y Prolífica, respectivamente. Se encontraron correlaciones genéticas altas entre el peso al nacimiento, al destete y a los 60 días y entre el peso de la camada, tamaño de camada, peso de la camada a los 10 días y número de nacidos vivos. La correlación genética entre el efecto directo y materno de peso al nacimiento fue moderada y negativa (− 0.24 ± 0.10) para la línea Precoz. El análisis de la genealogía mostró que el número efectivo de fundadores y de ancestros para la línea Precoz fueron 74 y 72, de 343 y 271 para la línea Cárnica, de 58 y 52 para la Lechera y de 58 y 49 para la Prolífica. Los coeficientes de consanguinidad estimados fueron 4.30 por ciento, 0.81 por ciento, 4.36 por ciento y 4.22 por ciento para las líneas Precoz, Cárnica, Lechera y Prolífica, respectivamente. El tamaño efectivo de la población para la línea Precoz fue 70.16, de 75.42 para la línea Cárnica, de 42.93 para la Lechera, y de 34.74 para la línea Prolífica. Por otro lado, sólo se observó heterosis estadísticamente significativa para el peso al nacimiento, en los cruces paternos (Precoz x Cárnica) (3.7 por ciento) y maternos (Lechera x Prolífica) (12.7 por ciento). Las encuestas realizadas mostraron que la mayoría de los criadores han recibido capacitación sobre alimentación, reproducción, manejo, equipamiento e instalaciones. Los criadores principalmente venden cuyes vivos para el sacrificio. La mayoría (82.40 por ciento) manifestó que no han vuelto a comprar cuyes de IVITA – El Mantaro, porque para ellos dichos cuyes son altamente susceptibles a la linfadenitis, enfermedad altamente contagiosa y que afecta la calidad de carne. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los encuestados han clasificado a los cuyes de IVITA – El Mantaro y sus crías como animales adecuados para la producción de carne. Dichos cuyes han sido ya recomendados por el 58.80 por ciento de los criadores, pero el 17.70 por ciento de ellos manifestaron que no recomendarían dichos cuyes debido a la susceptibilidad que tienen para enfermarse, especialmente de linfadenitis. Los resultados muestran el estado genético de las cuatro líneas de cuyes, y la ventaja productiva que muestran los cruces simples en las líneas paternas. Además, de la percepción y grado de aceptación de los productores sobre el cuy G producido por IVITA – El Mantaro. Todo ello puede aprovecharse para mejorar el actual programa de mejora genética y esquema de cruzamiento desarrollado por IVITA – El Mantaro.
This study aimed to assess phenotypically and genetically the guinea pig lines of IVITA - El Mantaro (Precoz, Cárnica, Lechera y Prolífica), their simple crosses, and to investigate the acceptance of the "cuy RG" by the farmers. Therefore, heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated with the animal model using a multivariate analysis with REML. In addition, the effective number of founders and ancestors, inbreeding coefficient and effective population size were estimated for each genetic line. The individual heterosis for birth weight, weight at 10 days, at weaning and at 60 days was also calculated for paternal and maternal crosses. In addition, 17 farmers from the provinces of Concepción, 12 from Jauja and 5 from Huancayo were interviewed to know their perception and acceptance of the crossbred guinea pigs from IVITA - El Mantaro ("cuy RG"). The results obtained in the heritabilities for birth weight were 0.21±0.02 and 0.23±0.03 for Precoz and Cárnica lines, respectively, and for weaning weight, it was 0.28±0.03 for Cárnica line. Heritability estimates for weight at 60 days were 0.34±0.01 and 0.47±0.04 for Precoz and Cárnica lines, respectively, and for partial feed conversion was 0.46±0.03 for Cárnica line. The heritabilities for litter weight at birth were 0.09±0.03 and 0.10±0.03 for Precoz and Lechera lines, respectively. In addition, the heritability for litter weight at 10 days was 0.15±0.03 for Lechera line. The heritabilities for litter size were 0.17±0.03, 0.20±0.03 and 0.11±0.03, and for number of pups born alive were 0.09±0.03, 0.14±0.03 and 0.09±0.03 for Precoz, Lechera and Prolífica lines, respectively. High genetic correlations were found between birth, weaning and 60-day weight and between litter weight, litter size, litter weight at 10 days and number of pups born alive. The genetic correlation between the direct and maternal effect of birth weight was moderate and negative (- 0.24 ± 0.10) for Precoz line. The results of the pedigree analysis showed that the effective number of founders and ancestors for Precoz line were 74 and 72, 343 and 271 for Cárnica line, 58 and 52 for Lechera line, and 58 and 49 for Prolífica line. The inbreeding coefficients were 4.30 percent, 0.81 percent, 4.36 percent and 4.22 percent for Precoz, Cárnica, Lechera and Prolífica lines, respectively. The effective population size for Precoz line was 70.16, 75.42 for Cárnica line, 42.93 for Lechera line, and 34.74 for Prolífica line. Statistically significant heterosis was observed for birth weight in the paternal (Precoz x Cárnica) (3.7 percent) and maternal (Lechera x Prolífica) (12.7 percent) crosses. Surveys 6 showed that most breeders had received training on feeding, breeding, management, equipment, and facilities. Farmers mainly sell guinea pigs alive for slaughter. Most of the farmers (82.40 percent) stated that they had no longer bought guinea pigs from IVITA - El Mantaro because these guinea pigs are highly susceptible to lymphadenitis, a highly contagious disease that affects the meat quality. However, most respondents have classified IVITA-El Mantaro guinea pigs and their offspring as suitable for meat production. 58.80 percent of farmers have already recommended these guinea pigs, but 17.70 percent of them stated that they would not recommend them due to their susceptibility to disease, especially lymphadenitis. The results show the genetic status of the four guinea pig lines and the productive advantage shown by the single crosses in the parental lines. In addition, the breeders' perception and degree of acceptance of the guinea pigs produced by IVITA - El Mantaro. All these results could be used to improve the current breeding programme and crossbreeding scheme developed by IVITA - El Mantaro.
This study aimed to assess phenotypically and genetically the guinea pig lines of IVITA - El Mantaro (Precoz, Cárnica, Lechera y Prolífica), their simple crosses, and to investigate the acceptance of the "cuy RG" by the farmers. Therefore, heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated with the animal model using a multivariate analysis with REML. In addition, the effective number of founders and ancestors, inbreeding coefficient and effective population size were estimated for each genetic line. The individual heterosis for birth weight, weight at 10 days, at weaning and at 60 days was also calculated for paternal and maternal crosses. In addition, 17 farmers from the provinces of Concepción, 12 from Jauja and 5 from Huancayo were interviewed to know their perception and acceptance of the crossbred guinea pigs from IVITA - El Mantaro ("cuy RG"). The results obtained in the heritabilities for birth weight were 0.21±0.02 and 0.23±0.03 for Precoz and Cárnica lines, respectively, and for weaning weight, it was 0.28±0.03 for Cárnica line. Heritability estimates for weight at 60 days were 0.34±0.01 and 0.47±0.04 for Precoz and Cárnica lines, respectively, and for partial feed conversion was 0.46±0.03 for Cárnica line. The heritabilities for litter weight at birth were 0.09±0.03 and 0.10±0.03 for Precoz and Lechera lines, respectively. In addition, the heritability for litter weight at 10 days was 0.15±0.03 for Lechera line. The heritabilities for litter size were 0.17±0.03, 0.20±0.03 and 0.11±0.03, and for number of pups born alive were 0.09±0.03, 0.14±0.03 and 0.09±0.03 for Precoz, Lechera and Prolífica lines, respectively. High genetic correlations were found between birth, weaning and 60-day weight and between litter weight, litter size, litter weight at 10 days and number of pups born alive. The genetic correlation between the direct and maternal effect of birth weight was moderate and negative (- 0.24 ± 0.10) for Precoz line. The results of the pedigree analysis showed that the effective number of founders and ancestors for Precoz line were 74 and 72, 343 and 271 for Cárnica line, 58 and 52 for Lechera line, and 58 and 49 for Prolífica line. The inbreeding coefficients were 4.30 percent, 0.81 percent, 4.36 percent and 4.22 percent for Precoz, Cárnica, Lechera and Prolífica lines, respectively. The effective population size for Precoz line was 70.16, 75.42 for Cárnica line, 42.93 for Lechera line, and 34.74 for Prolífica line. Statistically significant heterosis was observed for birth weight in the paternal (Precoz x Cárnica) (3.7 percent) and maternal (Lechera x Prolífica) (12.7 percent) crosses. Surveys 6 showed that most breeders had received training on feeding, breeding, management, equipment, and facilities. Farmers mainly sell guinea pigs alive for slaughter. Most of the farmers (82.40 percent) stated that they had no longer bought guinea pigs from IVITA - El Mantaro because these guinea pigs are highly susceptible to lymphadenitis, a highly contagious disease that affects the meat quality. However, most respondents have classified IVITA-El Mantaro guinea pigs and their offspring as suitable for meat production. 58.80 percent of farmers have already recommended these guinea pigs, but 17.70 percent of them stated that they would not recommend them due to their susceptibility to disease, especially lymphadenitis. The results show the genetic status of the four guinea pig lines and the productive advantage shown by the single crosses in the parental lines. In addition, the breeders' perception and degree of acceptance of the guinea pigs produced by IVITA - El Mantaro. All these results could be used to improve the current breeding programme and crossbreeding scheme developed by IVITA - El Mantaro.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencia Animal
Keywords
Heredabilidades
Citation
Date
2023
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess