Expresión diferencial dimórfica en respuesta a la exposición de esteroides sexuales durante la diferenciación temprana de sexos de Arapaima gigas
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Authors
Zelada Mázmela, Ronald Fernando
Abstract
Arapaima gigas, paiche, es la especie de pez de agua dulce más grande de la Amazonía
sudamericana del cual no se tiene una comprensión precisa de los mecanismos de
diferenciación sexual gonadal de la especie, el proceso de gonadogénesis aún no está bien
estudiado. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la expresión diferencial
dimórfica en respuesta a la exposición de esteroides sexuales durante la diferenciación
temprana de sexos de A. gigas. Para tal fin se determinaron las características histológicas
del desarrollo gonadal temprano de alevines de paiche, y el análisis transcriptómico de
alevines expuestos a tratamientos hormonales con 17α-metiltestosterona y 17β-estradiol.
Para determinar las características histológicas del desarrollo gonadal temprano de A.
gigas, se utilizaron alevines pertenecientes al mismo “levante”. Las crestas gonadales
aparecieron a los 22 dpe y los primordios gonadales aparecieron a los 23 dpe. Los dos
primordios gonadales se observaron con diferentes tamaños, donde el primordio izquierdo
era más grande y basófilo que el primordio derecho. Finalmente, se observó diferenciación
gonadal entre presuntas hembras y machos con alguna diferenciación estructural entre
ambos desde el día 43 posterior a la eclosión. Con respecto al análisis transcriptómico, el
secuenciamiento realizado mediante RNA seq, generó un total de 1,050’994,085 lecturas
pareadas (pair-end), de las cuales se obtuvieron 903’932,354 lecturas limpias pareadas
(86.01 ´por ciento). Después de la remoción de los transcriptos de baja calidad con base en
los parámetros de Transrate se obtuvieron 331,974 genes y 362,851 transcriptos. El análisis
en la base de datos de DAVID, cuando se confrontaron ambos tratamientos en el día 30, es
decir, 17α-metiltestosterona versus el 17β-estradiol, con estradiol al alta; es decir E30 vs
T30, el único proceso metabólico destacado relacionado a la diferenciación sexual de las
gónadas fue el de la oogénesis, (GO:0048477) y los genes que se encuentran sobre
expresados en este proceso de ovogénesis al día 30, son los genes hsp83, risc1 y naca,
genes que hasta el momento no se habían reportado como importantes en la diferenciación
sexual en peces y que se encuentran sobre expresados en un momento del desarrollo
gonadal extremadamente temprano del paiche donde solo se observa la disposición dorso
ventral en ovarios y la permanencia de la indiferenciación de los testículos.
Arapaima gigas, paiche, is the largest freshwater fish species in the South American Amazon of which there is no precise understanding of the mechanisms of gonadal sexual differentiation of the species, the process of gonadogenesis is still not well studied. The principal objective of this work was to determine the differential dimorphic expression in response to exposure to sex steroids during early sex differentiation of A. gigas was determined. For this purpose, the histological characteristics of early gonadal development of paiche fingerlings were determined, as well as the transcriptomic analysis of fingerlings exposed to hormonal treatments with 17α-methyltestosterone and 17β-estradiol. To determine the histological characteristics of early gonadal development of A. gigas, fingerlings belonging to the same "raised" were used. The gonadal crests appeared at 22 dap and the gonadal primordia appeared at 23 dap. The two gonadal primordia were observed to be of different sizes, with the left primordia being larger and basophilic than the right primordia. Finally, gonadal differentiation was observed between presumed females and males with some structural differentiation between them from day 43 after hatching. Regarding the transcriptomic analysis, the sequencing performed using RNA seq generated a total of 1,050,994,085 paired readings (pair-end), of which 903,932,354 clean paired readings (86.01 ´percent) were obtained. After removal of low-quality transcripts based on Transrate parameters, 331,974 genes and 362,851 transcripts were obtained. The analysis in the DAVID database, when both treatments were compared on day 30, that is, 17α- methyltestosterone versus 17β-estradiol, with estradiol at discharge; that is to say E30 vs T30, the only outstanding metabolic process related to the sexual differentiation of the gonads was that of oogenesis, (GO:0048477) and the genes that are overexpressed in this process of oogenesis on day 30, are the genes hsp83, risc1 and naca, genes that until now had not been reported as important in sexual differentiation in fish and that are overexpressed at a time of extremely early gonadal development of the paiche where only the dorsoventral arrangement is observed in ovaries and the permanence of the indifferentiation of the testicles.
Arapaima gigas, paiche, is the largest freshwater fish species in the South American Amazon of which there is no precise understanding of the mechanisms of gonadal sexual differentiation of the species, the process of gonadogenesis is still not well studied. The principal objective of this work was to determine the differential dimorphic expression in response to exposure to sex steroids during early sex differentiation of A. gigas was determined. For this purpose, the histological characteristics of early gonadal development of paiche fingerlings were determined, as well as the transcriptomic analysis of fingerlings exposed to hormonal treatments with 17α-methyltestosterone and 17β-estradiol. To determine the histological characteristics of early gonadal development of A. gigas, fingerlings belonging to the same "raised" were used. The gonadal crests appeared at 22 dap and the gonadal primordia appeared at 23 dap. The two gonadal primordia were observed to be of different sizes, with the left primordia being larger and basophilic than the right primordia. Finally, gonadal differentiation was observed between presumed females and males with some structural differentiation between them from day 43 after hatching. Regarding the transcriptomic analysis, the sequencing performed using RNA seq generated a total of 1,050,994,085 paired readings (pair-end), of which 903,932,354 clean paired readings (86.01 ´percent) were obtained. After removal of low-quality transcripts based on Transrate parameters, 331,974 genes and 362,851 transcripts were obtained. The analysis in the DAVID database, when both treatments were compared on day 30, that is, 17α- methyltestosterone versus 17β-estradiol, with estradiol at discharge; that is to say E30 vs T30, the only outstanding metabolic process related to the sexual differentiation of the gonads was that of oogenesis, (GO:0048477) and the genes that are overexpressed in this process of oogenesis on day 30, are the genes hsp83, risc1 and naca, genes that until now had not been reported as important in sexual differentiation in fish and that are overexpressed at a time of extremely early gonadal development of the paiche where only the dorsoventral arrangement is observed in ovaries and the permanence of the indifferentiation of the testicles.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencia Animal
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Date
2023
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