Actividad antrópica sobre la comunidad de aves en la Bahía de Paracas, Pisco, Perú. 2017
Authors
Ramos Alarcón, Leidy Milady
Abstract
La investigación se desarrolló en playas La Aguada y Santo Domingo de la Reserva Nacional de Paracas. Ésta área protege y conserva muestras biológicas representativas, así como diversos hábitats, los que albergan aves residentes y migratorias. El propósito de la investigación fue determinar el efecto de la actividad antrópica sobre comunidad de aves; conocer el efecto de la actividad antrópica sobre la diversidad y la densidad. La metodología fue la siguiente: para la identificación y conteo de la ornitofauna se realizaron conteos quincenales usando el método del transecto lineal. En la determinación del efecto de la actividad antrópica se reconoció el tipo de actividad y cambio de conducta de las aves, luego se aplicó el Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y el Análisis de Varianza “ANOVA” usando el estadígrafo Info stat. Para establecer el efecto de la actividad antrópica sobre la diversidad y la densidad de la ornitofauna se calculó primero los índice de Shannon Wiener y la densidad, cuyos valores fueron correlacionados con las actividades antrópica identificadas. Para las correlaciones se utilizó el programa Past. Se identificó 37 especies con 56,924 individuos en playa La Aguada y 34 especies con 38,368 en playa Santo Domingo. Existe efecto perturbado en el cambio de comportamiento usual en la comunidad de aves (descansando, acicalando, comiendo, bebiendo y reposando) en la playa La Aguada y Santo Domingo a cambios de conducta como: Actitud de vigilancia, vuelo corto, desplazamiento dentro de la playa, desplazamiento fuera de la playa, bulla con vuelo. Las actividades antrópicas en ambas playas fueron: el ingreso de personas, kayac, lancha y moto acuática; esta última actividad causa el mayor efecto perturbador en la ornitofauna siendo el promedio mucho más alto en La Aguada. Las variables moto acuática y diversidad; así como moto acuática y densidad no existe correlación. Es decir la actividad antrópica moto acuática no es responsable del aumento o disminución de la diversidad o densidad. Esto cambios se le asume a los ritmos migratorio de las aves, sobreveraneo y reproducción de las aves residentes.
The research was carried out in La Aguada and Santo Domingo beaches of the Paracas National Reserve. This area protects and conserves representative biological samples, as well as diverse habitats, which house resident and migratory birds; however, anthropic activities are carried out in this place that would affect the ornithofauna. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of anthropic activity on the bird community; to know the effect of anthropic activity on diversity and density. The methodology was as follows: for the identification and counting of the ornithofauna, biweekly counts were made using the linear transect method. In the determination of the effect of the anthropic activity, the type of activity and the number of events were recognized, then the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Analysis of Variance "ANOVA" using the statistician Info Stat. To establish the effect of anthropic activity on the diversity and density of the ornithofauna, the Shannon Wiener index and density were calculated, whose values were correlated with the anthropic activities identified. For the correlations, the Past program was used. It was identified 38 species with 56,924 individuals in La Aguada beach and 34 species with 38,368 in Santo Domingo beach. The anthropic activities on both beaches were: the entry of people, kayak, boat and jet ski; this last activity causes the greatest disturbing effect in the ornithofauna, with the average being much higher in La Aguada; however, this effect has no correlation with diversity and density. It is concluded that the activities have an effect on the bird community, but not on the diversity and density.
The research was carried out in La Aguada and Santo Domingo beaches of the Paracas National Reserve. This area protects and conserves representative biological samples, as well as diverse habitats, which house resident and migratory birds; however, anthropic activities are carried out in this place that would affect the ornithofauna. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of anthropic activity on the bird community; to know the effect of anthropic activity on diversity and density. The methodology was as follows: for the identification and counting of the ornithofauna, biweekly counts were made using the linear transect method. In the determination of the effect of the anthropic activity, the type of activity and the number of events were recognized, then the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Analysis of Variance "ANOVA" using the statistician Info Stat. To establish the effect of anthropic activity on the diversity and density of the ornithofauna, the Shannon Wiener index and density were calculated, whose values were correlated with the anthropic activities identified. For the correlations, the Past program was used. It was identified 38 species with 56,924 individuals in La Aguada beach and 34 species with 38,368 in Santo Domingo beach. The anthropic activities on both beaches were: the entry of people, kayak, boat and jet ski; this last activity causes the greatest disturbing effect in the ornithofauna, with the average being much higher in La Aguada; however, this effect has no correlation with diversity and density. It is concluded that the activities have an effect on the bird community, but not on the diversity and density.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ecología Aplicada
Keywords
Pajaros; Biodiversidad; Identificación; Población humana; Evaluación del impacto ambiental; Comportamiento; Densidad de la Población; Conservación de la naturaleza; Evaluación; Perú; Actividades antrópicas; Actividades humanas; Bahía de Paracas; Pisco (prov)
Citation
Date
2019
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess