Identificación biomolecular de peronosporales radiculares en palto, mango, chirimoya y mandarina en la costa peruana
Authors
Oviedo Quirós, Juan José
Abstract
En la costa peruana, los microclimas son ideales para la producción de árboles de palto (Persea americana), mango (Mangifera indica), chirimoya (Annona cherimola) y cítricos (Citrus spp.). Pero con frecuencia las raíces de las plantas se ven afectadas por pseudohongos que reducen la producción anual. Por este motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las especies de pseodohongos que afectan el sistema radicular en las plantaciones de cuatro frutales de importancia en la costa peruana, cítricos, palto, mango y chirimoya. Se recuperaron muestras de las raíces secundarias y de suelo de veintidós campos de las principales regiones productoras a lo largo de la costa peruana (Piura, Lambayeque, Trujillo, Ancash, Lima-Huaral, Lima-Cañete, Cumbe, Ica y Moquegua). Los pseudohongos se aislaron en medios de agar PAR, PARH y V8. La identificación molecular se realizó por amplificación de las regiones del Espaciador Transcrito Interno (ITS) y Citocromo Oxidasa II (CoxII) del ADNr, usando los cebadores ITS6 / ITS4 y FM66 / FM58 respectivamente. Los fragmentos amplificados se secuenciaron utilizando la metodología de Sanger y la reconstrucción filogenética se realizó con análisis bayesiano, utilizando dos millones de generaciones, los resultados formaron grupos con las secuencias de especies similares depositadas en el GenBank. Se identificaron las especies de Phytophthora nicotianae, Phytophthora parsiana, Pythium sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium deliense, Pythium splendens, Pythium ultimum, Phytopythium amazonianum, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum y Phytopythium vexans en cítricos; Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytopythium sp. y Phytopythium vexans en palto; Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium oligandrum, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum, Phytopythium chamaehyphon y Phytopythium vexans en mango; Pythium splendens y Phytopythium litorale en chirimoya. Siendo patogénicos Ph. nicotianae, Ph. parsiana, Pp. vexans, Ph. cinnamomi y Py. splendens
In the Peruvian coast, microclimates are ideal for the production of avocado (Persea americana), mango (Mangifera indica), cherimoya (Annona cherimola) and citrus (Citrus spp.) trees, but frequently the roots of the plants are affected by some Peronosporales that reduce annual production. For this reason, the aim of this research was to determine the Peronosporales species that affect the root system in the plantations of four fruit trees above mentioned. Samples from both secondary roots and soil were recovered from twenty-two fields corresponding to the main producing regions along the Peruvian coast (Piura, Lambayeque, Trujillo, Ancash, Lima-Huaral, Lima-Cañete, Cumbe, Ica and Moquegua). These Peronosporales were isolated on PAR, PARH and V8 agar media. Molecular identification was carried out by amplifying the regions of the Internal Transcriptional Spacer (ITS) and Cytochrome Oxidase II (CoxII) of the ribosomal DNA, using the primers ITS6 / ITS4 and FM66 / FM58 respectively. The amplified fragments were sequenced using Sanger methodology and phylogenetic reconstruction was done with Bayesian analysis, using two million generations, Our sequences formed clusters with a similar species sequences deposited in the GenBank. The species of Phytophthora nicotianae, Phytophthora parsiana, Pythium sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium deliense, Pythium splendens, Pythium ultimum, Phytopythium amazonianum, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum and Phytopythium vexans were found in citrus; Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytopythium sp. and Phytopythium vexans were detected in avocado; Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium oligandrum, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum, Phytopythium chamaehyphon and Phytopythium vexans were isolated from mango; Pythium splendens and Phytopythium litorale were identified in cherimoya. Only Ph. nicotianae, Ph. parsiana, Pp. vexans, Ph. cinnamomi and y P. splendens were inoculate and pathogenic in their respective hosts
In the Peruvian coast, microclimates are ideal for the production of avocado (Persea americana), mango (Mangifera indica), cherimoya (Annona cherimola) and citrus (Citrus spp.) trees, but frequently the roots of the plants are affected by some Peronosporales that reduce annual production. For this reason, the aim of this research was to determine the Peronosporales species that affect the root system in the plantations of four fruit trees above mentioned. Samples from both secondary roots and soil were recovered from twenty-two fields corresponding to the main producing regions along the Peruvian coast (Piura, Lambayeque, Trujillo, Ancash, Lima-Huaral, Lima-Cañete, Cumbe, Ica and Moquegua). These Peronosporales were isolated on PAR, PARH and V8 agar media. Molecular identification was carried out by amplifying the regions of the Internal Transcriptional Spacer (ITS) and Cytochrome Oxidase II (CoxII) of the ribosomal DNA, using the primers ITS6 / ITS4 and FM66 / FM58 respectively. The amplified fragments were sequenced using Sanger methodology and phylogenetic reconstruction was done with Bayesian analysis, using two million generations, Our sequences formed clusters with a similar species sequences deposited in the GenBank. The species of Phytophthora nicotianae, Phytophthora parsiana, Pythium sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium deliense, Pythium splendens, Pythium ultimum, Phytopythium amazonianum, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum and Phytopythium vexans were found in citrus; Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytopythium sp. and Phytopythium vexans were detected in avocado; Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium oligandrum, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum, Phytopythium chamaehyphon and Phytopythium vexans were isolated from mango; Pythium splendens and Phytopythium litorale were identified in cherimoya. Only Ph. nicotianae, Ph. parsiana, Pp. vexans, Ph. cinnamomi and y P. splendens were inoculate and pathogenic in their respective hosts
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Persea americana; Citrus; Annona cherimola; Mangifera indica; Peronosporales; Enfermedades fungosas; Identificación; Biología molecular; Medio de cultivo; Métodos; Evaluación; Perú
Citation
Date
2018
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