Diagnóstico y propuesta de mejora de un modulo de baño seco, instalado en el campus de la UNALM
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Authors
Clemente Monago, Rubila Raquel
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Abstract
Los sistemas constructivos y tecnológicos requieren un mantenimiento y operación para su correcto funcionamiento, en ese sentido, esta investigación se basó en la evaluación del estado actual y la operatividad de un Módulo de Baño Seco Autónomo, ubicado en el campus de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Este módulo ha estado en servicio durante 12 años y tuvo un mantenimiento intermitente. Durante la investigación se realizó un diagnóstico de todos los componentes que incluyeron: un baño seco de doble cámara, un urinario, una ducha y un lavadero; un panel solar para la iluminación; finalmente un sistema de tratamiento de aguas grises para la ducha y lavadero mediante humedales construidos. Se encontró que la infraestructura de la caseta presentaba deterioro y que algunos de los aparatos sanitarios tenían problemas de operación por falta de limpieza y mantenimiento, los sistemas para proveer energías renovables ya no funcionaban por fallas técnicas y falta de mantenimiento. Sin embargo, el módulo seguía dando servicio; aunque con ciertas restricciones y algún rechazo de parte de los usuarios que desconocían su funcionamiento real. Se realizaron medidas para estimar el consumo de material secante en el baño seco, el ahorro de agua en el módulo sanitario; así como mejoras físicas en la infraestructura, cambio de aparatos sanitarios, limpieza de tuberías y del sistema de tratamiento de aguas grises, encontrándose que el sistema de tratamiento sigue funcionando con eficiencia, cumpliendo los límites para descargas de aguas residuales en cuerpo receptor. Adicionalmente se realizó una encuesta a los usuarios del baño seco, para identificar las unidades que se debían mejorar y gestionar; para posteriormente capacitar a los usuarios en el uso correcto del módulo sanitario.
Construction and technological systems require maintenance and operation for their correct functioning. In this sense, this research was based on the evaluation of the current status and operation of an Autonomous Dry Toilet Module, located on the campus of the National Agrarian University - La Molina. This module has been in service for 12 years and had intermittent maintenance. During the investigation, a diagnosis of all the components was performed including: a double chamber dry toilet, a urinal, a shower and a sink; a solar heater to provide hot water for the shower, and a photovoltaic system for lighting; finally, a gray water treatment system for the shower and sink by means of constructed wetlands. The infrastructure of the hut was found to be deteriorated and some of the sanitary equipment had operational problems due to lack of cleaning and maintenance; the systems for providing renewable energy were no longer functioning due to technical failures and lack of maintenance. However, the module continued to provide service, although with certain restrictions and some rejection on the part of users who were unaware of its actual operation. Measures were taken to estimate the consumption of drying material in the dry toilet, water savings in the sanitary module, as well as physical improvements to the infrastructure, replacement of sanitary fixtures, cleaning of pipes and the gray water treatment system, and it was found that the treatment system continues to operate efficiently, complying with the limits for wastewater discharges into the receiving body. In addition, a survey of dry toilet users was conducted to identify the units that needed to be improved and managed, in order to subsequently train users in the correct use of the sanitary module.
Construction and technological systems require maintenance and operation for their correct functioning. In this sense, this research was based on the evaluation of the current status and operation of an Autonomous Dry Toilet Module, located on the campus of the National Agrarian University - La Molina. This module has been in service for 12 years and had intermittent maintenance. During the investigation, a diagnosis of all the components was performed including: a double chamber dry toilet, a urinal, a shower and a sink; a solar heater to provide hot water for the shower, and a photovoltaic system for lighting; finally, a gray water treatment system for the shower and sink by means of constructed wetlands. The infrastructure of the hut was found to be deteriorated and some of the sanitary equipment had operational problems due to lack of cleaning and maintenance; the systems for providing renewable energy were no longer functioning due to technical failures and lack of maintenance. However, the module continued to provide service, although with certain restrictions and some rejection on the part of users who were unaware of its actual operation. Measures were taken to estimate the consumption of drying material in the dry toilet, water savings in the sanitary module, as well as physical improvements to the infrastructure, replacement of sanitary fixtures, cleaning of pipes and the gray water treatment system, and it was found that the treatment system continues to operate efficiently, complying with the limits for wastewater discharges into the receiving body. In addition, a survey of dry toilet users was conducted to identify the units that needed to be improved and managed, in order to subsequently train users in the correct use of the sanitary module.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola.
Departamento Académico de Ordenamiento Territorial y Construcción
Keywords
Mantenimiento
Citation
Date
2024
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