Desarrollo de una metodología para estimar caudales ecológicos con fines de planificación hídrica aplicada en la cuenca del río Pisco
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Authors
García Gonzales, Erick
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta de metodología para la determinación de caudales ecológicos con fines de planificación de los recursos hídricos para las cuencas del país, denominada CMEH-CDC, aplicándose a la unidad hidrográfica (UH) Pisco. La metodología propuesta es tipo holística «desktop» y flexible, ya que considera en su construcción la información disponible sobre aspectos ecológicos, hidrológicos y socioeconómicos. Con dicha información se calculó un índice de amenaza ecohidrológica (IAEH) y con base en este índice se determinó el presente estado ecohidrológico (PEEH) a nivel las UH menores de la cuenca del rio Pisco. Luego, con información de descargas media mensuales históricas, simuladas con el modelo SWAT, se calcularon las curvas de duración de caudales (CDC) de referencia para cuatro escenarios o clases de manejo ecohidrológico (CMEH) y se asignó a cada UH la CMEH más adecuadas en función de su PEEH y del conocimiento de la cuenca, y en última instancia se determinó el caudal ecológico que se requiere para mantener a las UH en la CMEH asignada. Como resultado de la aplicación de la metodología en tres UH de la cuenca del rio Pisco, se determinó que en la UH Incachaque el caudal ecológico asciende a 69.5 MMC anuales que equivale al 63.54 por ciento del caudal medio anual; en la UH Medio Bajo Pisco el caudal ecológico asciende a 257.3 MMC anuales que equivale al 33.7 por ciento del caudal medio anual y en la UH Bajo Pisco el caudal ecológico asciende a 132 MMC anuales que equivale al 17.68 por ciento del caudal medio anual. La presente metodología contribuye a conciliar las necesidades de agua del ecosistema y de los usuarios de agua, lo cual es de suma importancia en cuencas muy intervenidas y con derechos de agua comprometidos, asimismo contribuye a reservar con fines precautorios un caudal ecológico en las situaciones opuesta.
This research work aim was to develop a proposal for the determination of ecological flows for the purpose of planning water resources of the river basins of the country, called CMEHCDC, which was applied to the Pisco hydrographic unit (UH). The proposed methodology is holistic "desktop" and flexible, since it considers in its construction the available information on ecological, hydrological and socioeconomic aspects. With this information, an ecohydrological threat index (IAEH) was calculated and based on this index, the present ecohydrological state (PEEH) was determined at the level of the smaller UH of the Pisco river basin. Then, with information on average historical monthly discharges, simulated with the SWAT model, the reference flow duration curves (CDC) were calculated for four scenarios or classes of ecohydrological management (CMEH) and the most appropriate CMEH was assigned to each UH based on their PEEH and the knowledge of the basin, and ultimately the ecological flow required to maintain the HU in the assigned CMEH was determined. As a result of the application of the methodology in three HU of the Pisco river basin, it was determined that in the Incachaque HU the ecological flow amounts to 69.5 MMC per year, which is equivalent to 63.54 percent of the average annual flow; In the UH Medio Bajo Pisco the ecological flow amounts to 257.3 MMC per year, which is equivalent to 33.7 percent of the average annual flow, and in the UH Bajo Pisco the ecological flow amounts to 132 MMC per year, which is equivalent to 17.68 percent of the average annual flow. This methodology contributes to reconcile the water needs of the ecosystem and water users, which is extremely important in highly intervened basins and with compromised water rights, it also contributes to reserve an ecological flow for precautionary purposes in the opposite situations.
This research work aim was to develop a proposal for the determination of ecological flows for the purpose of planning water resources of the river basins of the country, called CMEHCDC, which was applied to the Pisco hydrographic unit (UH). The proposed methodology is holistic "desktop" and flexible, since it considers in its construction the available information on ecological, hydrological and socioeconomic aspects. With this information, an ecohydrological threat index (IAEH) was calculated and based on this index, the present ecohydrological state (PEEH) was determined at the level of the smaller UH of the Pisco river basin. Then, with information on average historical monthly discharges, simulated with the SWAT model, the reference flow duration curves (CDC) were calculated for four scenarios or classes of ecohydrological management (CMEH) and the most appropriate CMEH was assigned to each UH based on their PEEH and the knowledge of the basin, and ultimately the ecological flow required to maintain the HU in the assigned CMEH was determined. As a result of the application of the methodology in three HU of the Pisco river basin, it was determined that in the Incachaque HU the ecological flow amounts to 69.5 MMC per year, which is equivalent to 63.54 percent of the average annual flow; In the UH Medio Bajo Pisco the ecological flow amounts to 257.3 MMC per year, which is equivalent to 33.7 percent of the average annual flow, and in the UH Bajo Pisco the ecological flow amounts to 132 MMC per year, which is equivalent to 17.68 percent of the average annual flow. This methodology contributes to reconcile the water needs of the ecosystem and water users, which is extremely important in highly intervened basins and with compromised water rights, it also contributes to reserve an ecological flow for precautionary purposes in the opposite situations.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ecología Aplicada
Keywords
Agua dulce; Análisis de datos; Circulación del agua; Cuenca del río Pisco; Cuencas hidrográficas; Cursos de agua
Citation
Date
2023
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess