Colonización de 'paquetes de hojas' por macroinvertebrados bentónicos: una propuesta de evaluación de calidad de agua
Authors
Valcárcel Rojas, Darwin Ronal
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición y estructura de la comunidad colonizadora de macroinvertebrados bentónicos de paquetes de hojas en un amplio gradiente altitudinal (217 – 4406 m) y analizar su posible uso como herramienta de vigilancia ambiental de la calidad del agua. Para este fin, fueron evaluadas 19 quebradas a lo largo de un transecto definido por un tramo de la carretera interoceánica sur (Cusco - Puerto Maldonado) entre mayo y agosto de 2013. En las diferentes quebradas, aparte de la condición control, se encontró condición de impacto por ganadería, agricultura, minería y urbanización, siendo esta última la actividad más recurrente y de mayor intensidad; además se observó que los parámetros de campo variaron con respecto a la altitud, mostrando una relación directa con el pH, la conductividad eléctrica y el caudal, e inversa con la temperatura. En lo que respecta a la diversidad, se encontró un total de 178 taxa, los que se distribuyeron en dos sectores bien diferenciados: andino y amazónico. Se encontró también que la altitud junto con la temperatura del agua, fueron las variables que más influenciaron en la distribución de los macroinvertebrados bentónicos. En relación con la efectividad del paquete de hojas como una herramienta de vigilancia ambiental, se encontró útil solo en el sector amazónico, pues en el sector andino habría que hacer unos ajustes al diseño de estudio para sugerir o desestimar su uso. Como conclusión, se encontró que la altitud fue la principal variable ambiental que determinó la composición y estructura de la comunidad colonizadora de macroinvertebrados bentónicos de paquetes de hojas, y que el uso de esta metodología como herramienta de vigilancia ambiental de calidad del agua es una alternativa a tener en cuenta al momento de evaluar ríos o quebradas en la Amazonía peruana.
The present research aimed to determine the composition and structure of the colonizing community of benthic macroinvertebrates of leaf packs in a wide altitudinal gradient (217 - 4406 m) and to analyze its possible use as a tool for environmental monitoring of water quality. For this purpose, 19 streams were evaluated along a transect defined by a section of the interoceanic highway (Cusco - Puerto Maldonado) between May and August 2013. In the streams evaluated, apart from the control condition, a impaired condition was found due to livestock, agriculture, mining and urbanization, the last one the most recurrent and most intense activity; Furthermore, it was observed that the environmental parameters varied with respect to altitude, showing a direct relationship with pH, electrical conductivity and flow, and inverse with temperature. In diversity, 178 taxa were found, which were distributed in two well differentiated sectors: Andean and Amazonian. It was also found that the altitude, together with the water temperature, were the variables that most influenced the distribution of the benthic macroinvertebrates. Regarding the effectiveness of the packet of leaves as an environmental monitoring tool, it was found useful only in the Amazonian sector, since in the Andean sector some adjustments would have to be made to the study design to suggest or reject its use. As a conclusion, it was found that altitude was the main environmental variable that determined the composition and structure of the colonizing community of benthic macroinvertebrates of leaf packs, and that the use of this methodology as a tool for environmental monitoring of water quality is an alternative to take into account to evaluate streams in the Peruvian Amazon.
The present research aimed to determine the composition and structure of the colonizing community of benthic macroinvertebrates of leaf packs in a wide altitudinal gradient (217 - 4406 m) and to analyze its possible use as a tool for environmental monitoring of water quality. For this purpose, 19 streams were evaluated along a transect defined by a section of the interoceanic highway (Cusco - Puerto Maldonado) between May and August 2013. In the streams evaluated, apart from the control condition, a impaired condition was found due to livestock, agriculture, mining and urbanization, the last one the most recurrent and most intense activity; Furthermore, it was observed that the environmental parameters varied with respect to altitude, showing a direct relationship with pH, electrical conductivity and flow, and inverse with temperature. In diversity, 178 taxa were found, which were distributed in two well differentiated sectors: Andean and Amazonian. It was also found that the altitude, together with the water temperature, were the variables that most influenced the distribution of the benthic macroinvertebrates. Regarding the effectiveness of the packet of leaves as an environmental monitoring tool, it was found useful only in the Amazonian sector, since in the Andean sector some adjustments would have to be made to the study design to suggest or reject its use. As a conclusion, it was found that altitude was the main environmental variable that determined the composition and structure of the colonizing community of benthic macroinvertebrates of leaf packs, and that the use of this methodology as a tool for environmental monitoring of water quality is an alternative to take into account to evaluate streams in the Peruvian Amazon.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales
Keywords
Invertebrata aquatica; Habitat; Cursos de agua; Comunidades aquaticas; Ecosistema acuático; Ecosistemas de agua dulce; Calidad del agua; Organismos indicadores; Tolerancia; Resistencia a agentes dañinos; Base de datos; Evaluación; Perú; Macroinvertebrados acuáticos; Macroinvertebrados bentónicos; Calidad ecológica; Actividades productivas
Citation
Date
2021
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