Potencial energético y producción de biosólidos de residuos provenientes de baños secos mediante digestión anaerobia en fases de temperatura
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Authors
Bocanegra Meneses, Gerald Nagell
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Abstract
La implementación de sistemas de saneamiento sostenibles es esencial en regiones con infraestructura deficiente para el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Este estudio evaluó la recuperación de energía y la producción de biosólidos a partir de residuos de baños secos mediante digestión anaerobia en fases de temperatura (TPAD), analizando el impacto de condiciones termofílicas (55 °C) e hipertermofílicas (70 °C) en la producción de metano y la calidad de los biosólidos, comparado con la digestión mesofílica convencional. Los resultados muestran que la producción de metano fue de 96 NmL CH₄/g SV en digestión mesofílica, 135 NmL CH₄/g SV en TPAD termofílica-mesofílica y 159 NmL CH₄/g SV en TPAD hipertermofílica-mesofílica, representando incrementos del 40.8% y 66.1%, respectivamente, frente al sistema mesofílico. Todos los tratamientos generaron biosólidos que cumplieron con el Decreto Supremo N° 015-2017-VIVIENDA, demostrando su idoneidad para uso agrícola. El balance energético evidenció una mayor obtención de energía neta en la digestión mesofílica convencional. Sin embargo, al incorporar un intercambiador de calor, con una eficiencias media-altas (60-70) %, las diferencias entre los balances energéticos de los sistemas de digestión anaerobia en fases de temperatura y de la digestión mesófila dejaron de ser estadísticamente significativas. Se concluye que, si bien los tratamientos térmicos incrementan significativamente la producción de metano, su eficiencia energética depende de estrategias de recuperación térmica. Asimismo, como la calidad del digestato fue similar en todos los sistemas, se consideraría al H-TPAD como una opción viable en aplicaciones donde se priorice la mayor generación de biogás.
The implementation of sustainable sanitation systems is essential in regions with inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure. This study evaluated energy recovery and biosolids production from dry toilet residues using temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD), analyzing the impact of thermophilic (55 °C) and hyperthermophilic (70 °C) conditions on methane production and biosolids quality, compared to conventional mesophilic digestion. Results showed methane production of 96 NmL CH₄/g VS in mesophilic digestion, 135 NmL CH₄/g VS in thermophilic-mesophilic TPAD, and 159 NmL CH₄/g VS in hyperthermophilic-mesophilic TPAD, representing increases of 40.8% and 66.1%, respectively, compared to the mesophilic system. All treatments generated biosolids compliant with Supreme Decree No. 015-2017-VIVIENDA, demonstrating their suitability for agricultural use. The energy balance analysis revealed a higher net energy yield in conventional mesophilic digestion. However, upon incorporating a heat exchanger with medium to high efficiencies (60-70%), the differences in energy balances between temperature-phased anaerobic digestion systems and mesophilic digestion ceased to be statistically significant. It is concluded that, while thermal treatments significantly increase methane production, their energy efficiency depends on thermal recovery strategies. Likewise, given that digestate quality was similar across all systems, H-TPAD could be considered a viable option in applications where maximizing biogas generation is a priority. This study advances sustainable waste management strategies, aligning with global goals for clean energy and sanitation, offering practical solutions for resource-limited settings.
The implementation of sustainable sanitation systems is essential in regions with inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure. This study evaluated energy recovery and biosolids production from dry toilet residues using temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD), analyzing the impact of thermophilic (55 °C) and hyperthermophilic (70 °C) conditions on methane production and biosolids quality, compared to conventional mesophilic digestion. Results showed methane production of 96 NmL CH₄/g VS in mesophilic digestion, 135 NmL CH₄/g VS in thermophilic-mesophilic TPAD, and 159 NmL CH₄/g VS in hyperthermophilic-mesophilic TPAD, representing increases of 40.8% and 66.1%, respectively, compared to the mesophilic system. All treatments generated biosolids compliant with Supreme Decree No. 015-2017-VIVIENDA, demonstrating their suitability for agricultural use. The energy balance analysis revealed a higher net energy yield in conventional mesophilic digestion. However, upon incorporating a heat exchanger with medium to high efficiencies (60-70%), the differences in energy balances between temperature-phased anaerobic digestion systems and mesophilic digestion ceased to be statistically significant. It is concluded that, while thermal treatments significantly increase methane production, their energy efficiency depends on thermal recovery strategies. Likewise, given that digestate quality was similar across all systems, H-TPAD could be considered a viable option in applications where maximizing biogas generation is a priority. This study advances sustainable waste management strategies, aligning with global goals for clean energy and sanitation, offering practical solutions for resource-limited settings.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Agua residual; Biosólido; Metano; Digestato; Desecho sólido; Tratamiento térmico; Alcantarillado; Perú
Citation
Date
2026
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

