Kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) como alternativa de diversificación de cultivos en la costa central del Perú
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Authors
Roque Palacin, David
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Abstract
La kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) es una especie nativa valiosa por su alto valor nutritivo y por su tolerancia al calor y la sequía por lo que puede ser considerada una alternativa valiosa para la agricultura en la costa en zonas de baja disponibilidad de agua y en cultivos de verano. Adicionalmente en los últimos años su exportación permite mejorar los ingresos de los agricultores por la demanda por países interesados en este producto como Estados Unidos, Japón, Alemania, Francia y otros debido al alto valor nutricional. La presente investigación tuvo los siguientes objetivos: (1) Evaluar la fenología de cuatro variedades comerciales, (2) Evaluar los caracteres agronómicos y de calidad de cuatro variedades comerciales, (3) Determinar la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, (4) Determinar la rentabilidad de los sistemas de producción orgánico y convencional. El estudio se realizó en condiciones de costa central en La Molina, empleando cuatro variedades comerciales en tres sistemas de cultivo: convencional, orgánico y tradicional (sin insumos agrícolas). Se evaluaron la fenología de cultivo, características agronómicas - calidad, incidencia de enfermedades, plagas y rentabilidad. Se instalaron tres experimentos independientes para cada sistema empleando un diseño de bloque completo al azar con 3 repeticiones. La germinación, desarrollo vegetativo, brotes laterales ramificado, desarrollo del primordio de inflorescencia, desarrollo de inflorescencia, floración, antesis, grano acuoso lechoso, grano maduro pastoso y maduración fisiológica, ocurrieron en promedio a los 4.42, 31.36, 34.75, 38.17, 42.56,52.97,55.78,62.39, 72.19 y 85.83 días después de la siembra. El rendimiento más alto obtenido fue igual a 2276 kg/ha con la variedad Oscar Blanco y el contenido más alto de proteína igual a 12.28% fue detectado en la variedad Centenario. Se identificaron los insectos Conotrachelus sp, Nysius simulans, Liorhyssus hyalinus, Chloridea virescens, Tallula atramentalis, Herpetogramma bipunctalis, Spodoptera eridania, Aves (Loros y Palomas); y enfermedades como la podredumbre radicular causado por el complejo Pythium sp y Rhizoctonia que ocasiono los mayores daños por una reducción significativa de plantas. Se puede lograr rentabilidad en los tres sistemas de cultivo destacando el sistema convencional.
Kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) is a valuable native species for its high nutritional value and for its tolerance to heat and drought, which is why it can be considered a valuable alternative for agriculture on the coast in areas with low water availability and in summer cultivation. Additionally, in recent years its export allows improving the income of farmers due to the demand by countries interested in this product such as the United States, Japan, Germany, France and others due to its high nutritional value. This research had the following objectives: (1) Evaluate the phenology of four commercial varieties, (2) Evaluate the agronomic and quality characters of four commercial varieties, (3) Determine the incidence of pests and diseases, (4) Determine the profitability of organic and conventional production systems. The study was carried out in central coastal conditions in La Molina, using four commercial varieties in three cultivation systems: conventional, organic and traditional (without agricultural inputs). Crop phenology, agronomic characteristics - quality, disease incidence, pests and profitability were evaluated. Three independent experiments were set up for each system using a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Germination, vegetative development, branched lateral shoots, inflorescence primordium development, inflorescence development, flowering, anthesis, watery milky grain, pasty mature grain and physiological maturation, occurred on average at 4.42, 31.36, 34.75, 38.17, 42.56, 52.97,55.78,62.39, 72.19 and 85.83 days after sowing. The highest yield obtained was equal to 2276 kg / ha with the Oscar Blanco variety and the highest protein content equal to 12.28% was detected in the Centenario variety. The insects Conotrachelus sp, Nysius simulans, Liorhyssus hyalinus, Chloridea virescens, Tallula atramentalis, Herpetogramma bipunctalis, Spodoptera eridania, Aves (Loros y Palomas); and diseases such as root rot caused by the Pythium sp y Rhizoctonia complex that caused the greatest damage due to a significant reduction of plants. Profitability can be achieved in all three cultivation systems highlighting the conventional system.
Kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) is a valuable native species for its high nutritional value and for its tolerance to heat and drought, which is why it can be considered a valuable alternative for agriculture on the coast in areas with low water availability and in summer cultivation. Additionally, in recent years its export allows improving the income of farmers due to the demand by countries interested in this product such as the United States, Japan, Germany, France and others due to its high nutritional value. This research had the following objectives: (1) Evaluate the phenology of four commercial varieties, (2) Evaluate the agronomic and quality characters of four commercial varieties, (3) Determine the incidence of pests and diseases, (4) Determine the profitability of organic and conventional production systems. The study was carried out in central coastal conditions in La Molina, using four commercial varieties in three cultivation systems: conventional, organic and traditional (without agricultural inputs). Crop phenology, agronomic characteristics - quality, disease incidence, pests and profitability were evaluated. Three independent experiments were set up for each system using a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Germination, vegetative development, branched lateral shoots, inflorescence primordium development, inflorescence development, flowering, anthesis, watery milky grain, pasty mature grain and physiological maturation, occurred on average at 4.42, 31.36, 34.75, 38.17, 42.56, 52.97,55.78,62.39, 72.19 and 85.83 days after sowing. The highest yield obtained was equal to 2276 kg / ha with the Oscar Blanco variety and the highest protein content equal to 12.28% was detected in the Centenario variety. The insects Conotrachelus sp, Nysius simulans, Liorhyssus hyalinus, Chloridea virescens, Tallula atramentalis, Herpetogramma bipunctalis, Spodoptera eridania, Aves (Loros y Palomas); and diseases such as root rot caused by the Pythium sp y Rhizoctonia complex that caused the greatest damage due to a significant reduction of plants. Profitability can be achieved in all three cultivation systems highlighting the conventional system.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Agrícola
Keywords
Kiwicha
Citation
Date
2025
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