Estudio parasitológico en vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) bajo semicautiverio de la comunidad campesina San Cristobal, Lucanas–Ayacucho
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Authors
Limaymanta Zavala, Inés Milagros
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Abstract
Las infecciones parasitarias representan un desafío sanitario relevante en poblaciones de vicuñas, debido a la exposición constante a ambientes contaminados e interacción con animales domésticos en ecosistemas altoandinos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la prevalencia y la carga de parásitos gastrointestinales y ectoparásitos, así como su relación con la edad, el sexo, la condición corporal y el hematocrito durante la época de esquila. Se muestrearon 136 vicuñas de la Comunidad Campesina de San Cristóbal, Lucanas, Ayacucho. Las muestras fueron trasladadas y analizadas en el Laboratorio de Parasitologías de la Facultad de Zootecnia de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, donde se realizaron exámenes coproparasitológicos mediante distintos métodos diagnósticos. Se identificaron trece especies parasitarias, incluyendo protozoos, nematodos, cestodos y ectoparásitos. La prevalencia de parásitos fue elevada, con predominio de parásitos gastrointestinales (94.10%), especialmente Eimeria spp., mientras que los ectoparásitos estuvieron presentes en menor porcentaje (11.00%). La carga parasitaria mostró un patrón altamente agregado, concentrándose en pocos individuos, principalmente en animales jóvenes. El análisis de correlación evidenció una relación negativa débil pero estadísticamente significativa entre la carga parasitaria gastrointestinal y la condición corporal (rho = −0.225; p = 0.008). Asimismo, se observó una correlación positiva débil entre la carga parasitaria total y el hematocrito (rho = 0.289; p = 0.021), así como entre la carga de protozoos y el hematocrito (rho = 0.307; p = 0.014), sin evidenciar compromiso hematológico asociado a las infecciones detectadas.
Parasitic infections pose a significant health challenge to vicuña populations due to their constant exposure to contaminated environments and interaction with domestic animals within high Andean ecosystems. The aim of this research was to assess the presence and impact of gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites, along with their association with age, sex, body condition, and hematocrit during the shearing season. A total of 136 vicuñas were sampled from the rural community of San Cristóbal in the Lucanas region of Ayacucho. The samples were transferred and analyzed at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science at the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, where coproparasitological examinations were performed using various diagnostic methods. Thirteen parasitic species were identified, including protozoa, nematodes, and cestodes. Parasite prevalence was high, with gastrointestinal parasites predominant (94.10%), especially Eimeria spp., while ectoparasites were present at a lower rate (11.00%). The parasite load exhibited an aggregated pattern, concentrated in a few individuals, primarily young animals. Correlation analysis revealed a weak yet statistically significant negative correlation between gastrointestinal parasite load and body condition (rho = −0.225; p = 0.008). Additionally, weak positive correlations were observed between total parasite load and hematocrit (rho = 0.289; p = 0.021) and between protozoan load and hematocrit (rho = 0.307; p = 0.014). No evidence of hematological compromise associated with the detected infections was found.
Parasitic infections pose a significant health challenge to vicuña populations due to their constant exposure to contaminated environments and interaction with domestic animals within high Andean ecosystems. The aim of this research was to assess the presence and impact of gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites, along with their association with age, sex, body condition, and hematocrit during the shearing season. A total of 136 vicuñas were sampled from the rural community of San Cristóbal in the Lucanas region of Ayacucho. The samples were transferred and analyzed at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science at the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, where coproparasitological examinations were performed using various diagnostic methods. Thirteen parasitic species were identified, including protozoa, nematodes, and cestodes. Parasite prevalence was high, with gastrointestinal parasites predominant (94.10%), especially Eimeria spp., while ectoparasites were present at a lower rate (11.00%). The parasite load exhibited an aggregated pattern, concentrated in a few individuals, primarily young animals. Correlation analysis revealed a weak yet statistically significant negative correlation between gastrointestinal parasite load and body condition (rho = −0.225; p = 0.008). Additionally, weak positive correlations were observed between total parasite load and hematocrit (rho = 0.289; p = 0.021) and between protozoan load and hematocrit (rho = 0.307; p = 0.014). No evidence of hematological compromise associated with the detected infections was found.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Zootecnia. Departamento
Académico de Nutrición
Keywords
Prevalencia
Citation
Date
2026
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