Tolerancia a estrés por déficit hídrico en genotipos de avena forrajera en la Sierra Altoandina
Authors
Mendoza Loayza, Kerry Kary
Abstract
El objetivo fue seleccionar genotipos de avena forrajera con buenas características forrajeras y con tolerancia al estrés por déficit hídrico para la sierra central del Perú. El estudio se desarrolló en el IRD Sierra San Juan de Yanamuclo (3200 msnm) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM). Se evaluaron 19 genotipos de avena forrajera (Avena sativa) entre los meses de junio del 2017 a enero de 2018, lo genotipos fueron colectados de productores y de los centros de investigación del INIA a nivel nacional. El experimento fue desarrollado en macetas de 7 litros, con 3 niveles de riego a 75, 50 y 25 por ciento de la capacidad de campo (% CC) del sustrato, suelo franco arenoso. Los indicadores de estrés hídrico estudiados fueron: altura de planta, relación verde senescente-1, relación raíz planta-1, área foliar, índice de tolerancia al estrés (STI), y eficiencia de uso de agua de la productividad (EUAp). Se utilizó el diseño completamente aleatorizado y correlación de los indicadores de estrés hídrico. Para la selección de los genotipos se consideró a todos los indicadores evaluados, a través del análisis multivariado: el análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y el análisis cluster. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados para cada nivel de riego aplicado. Los resultados revelan que los genotipos Avena blanca - Junín (NB-03), Avena negra - Puno (NN-01), NN-03 (Avena negra - Junín), Avena negra - Puno (NN-06), Avena negra - Junín (NN-04), Mantaro 15 - Junín (INIA-01) e Vilcanota I - Cuzco (INIA-04), son tolerantes a estrés moderado de déficit hídrico (25% CC) debido a que sus indicadores en forma múltiple los agrupan por similaridad y presentan valores ligeramente superiores.
The objective was to screening forage oat genotypes of good agronomic characteristics and tolerance to water deficit to the Central Peruvian Andes. The study was conducted in the IRD Sierra San Juan de Yanamuclo (3304 m.a.s.l) of the National Agrarian University La Molina (UNALM). Nineteen forage oat genotypes were evaluated between June 2017 and January 2018, the genotypes were collected from producers and from the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA). The experiment was developed in 7-liter pots, with three irrigation levels at 75, 50 and 25 percent of the field capacity (% CC) of the substrate, sandy-loam soil. Plant height, green / senescent ratio, root / plant ratio, leaf area, modified stress tolerance index (MSTI) and water use efficiency of the productivity (WUEp) were indicators to evaluated water deficit. A completely randomized design and correlation analysis to described each characteristic were used. For the genotype selection, all agronomic characteristics were analyzed through multivariate analysis like principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Statistical analyzes were performed for each irrigation level. The results revealed that the genotypes Avena blanca - Junín (NB-03), Avena negra - Puno (NN-01), NN-03 (Avena negra - Junín), Avena negra - Puno (NN-06), Avena negra - Junín (NN-04), Mantaro 15 - Junín (INIA-01) e Vilcanota I - Cuzco (INIA-04), are tolerant to moderate stress of water deficit (25% CC) due to their good agronomic characteristics for forage kept.
The objective was to screening forage oat genotypes of good agronomic characteristics and tolerance to water deficit to the Central Peruvian Andes. The study was conducted in the IRD Sierra San Juan de Yanamuclo (3304 m.a.s.l) of the National Agrarian University La Molina (UNALM). Nineteen forage oat genotypes were evaluated between June 2017 and January 2018, the genotypes were collected from producers and from the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA). The experiment was developed in 7-liter pots, with three irrigation levels at 75, 50 and 25 percent of the field capacity (% CC) of the substrate, sandy-loam soil. Plant height, green / senescent ratio, root / plant ratio, leaf area, modified stress tolerance index (MSTI) and water use efficiency of the productivity (WUEp) were indicators to evaluated water deficit. A completely randomized design and correlation analysis to described each characteristic were used. For the genotype selection, all agronomic characteristics were analyzed through multivariate analysis like principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Statistical analyzes were performed for each irrigation level. The results revealed that the genotypes Avena blanca - Junín (NB-03), Avena negra - Puno (NN-01), NN-03 (Avena negra - Junín), Avena negra - Puno (NN-06), Avena negra - Junín (NN-04), Mantaro 15 - Junín (INIA-01) e Vilcanota I - Cuzco (INIA-04), are tolerant to moderate stress of water deficit (25% CC) due to their good agronomic characteristics for forage kept.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Animal
Keywords
Avena sativa; Genotipos; Riego; Estrés por sequía; Relaciones planta agua; Fisiología vegetal; Respuesta de la planta; Evaluación
Citation
Date
2020
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